. ... Woman in girlhood, wifehood, motherhood; her responsibilities and her duties at all periods of life; a guide in the maintenance of her health and that of her children . ree stages. During the firststage the birth-canal expands until it is of a sufficient sizeto allow the child to pass through. The second act con-sists in the expulsion of the child. In the last stage the See illustration in Chapter XV. 190 THE PHYSIOLOGY OF CHILD BIBTH remainder of the ovum—the membranes and the placenta—is delivered. Before labor begins, the child usually lies head down-ward in a sack filled with water,
. ... Woman in girlhood, wifehood, motherhood; her responsibilities and her duties at all periods of life; a guide in the maintenance of her health and that of her children . ree stages. During the firststage the birth-canal expands until it is of a sufficient sizeto allow the child to pass through. The second act con-sists in the expulsion of the child. In the last stage the See illustration in Chapter XV. 190 THE PHYSIOLOGY OF CHILD BIBTH remainder of the ovum—the membranes and the placenta—is delivered. Before labor begins, the child usually lies head down-ward in a sack filled with water, the walls of the sack beingformed by the membranes, which are everywhere in contact with the inner surface of thewomb. The water containedin the sack and surroundingthe child is called the liquoramnii, familiarly spoken ofas the waters. At the upper part of theuterus, between it and themembranes, is the placenta,which connects the largeblood-vessels of the motherwith the vessels in the um-bilical cord. Before labor begins thelower part of the womb isnarrow, the neck is stoppedup with a large plug of ten-aceous mucus, and the inter-nal mouth or os is Beginning of is before the birth canal hasbecome dilated. The thick cervix orneck of the womb is shown, opening atright angles into the long vagina. Infront of the vagina is the bladder; be-hind, the rectum. THE FIRST STAGE OF LABOR. Labor begins with a series of contractions of thewomb, lasting about a minute, and re-occurring at inter-vals of from five minutes to half an hour at first, usuallyof about fifteen minutes. The intervals decrease as laborprogresses, finally being reduced to only two or three min-utes. The contractions drive the waters down through the in- THE PHYSIOLOGY OF CHILD BIRTH 191 ternal mouth into the neck of the uterus, where, covered onlyby the thin membranes, they dilate the neck and the inter-nal mouth easily and gently. As with repeated contractionsthe womb becomes smaller an
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, booksubjectwomen, bookyear1906
