. Biochemical systematics. Biochemical variation; Botany. 20 BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS. Fig. 2-3. Diagram showing relationships between Araliaceae and Unbelliferae. Horizontal lines mark beginning and end of Tertiary; dotted lines connect morphological levels; solid lines indicate typo- logical relationships; long double arrows signify actual relation- ship; short double arrows indicate homologous (parallel) evolu- tionary lines; oo, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 = number of carpels; O = genus or tribe; x = basic chromosome numbers; A = Araliaceae, Mc = Myodocarpus, U = Umbelliferae, Ap = Apioideae, H = Hydro-
. Biochemical systematics. Biochemical variation; Botany. 20 BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS. Fig. 2-3. Diagram showing relationships between Araliaceae and Unbelliferae. Horizontal lines mark beginning and end of Tertiary; dotted lines connect morphological levels; solid lines indicate typo- logical relationships; long double arrows signify actual relation- ship; short double arrows indicate homologous (parallel) evolu- tionary lines; oo, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 = number of carpels; O = genus or tribe; x = basic chromosome numbers; A = Araliaceae, Mc = Myodocarpus, U = Umbelliferae, Ap = Apioideae, H = Hydro- cotyloideae, S = Saniculoideae, M = Myrtales plexus, Ro = Rosales plexus, Ra = Ranales plexus. Adapted from Baumann (Just, 1948); copyright (1948) by the University of Chicago. is to D. chrysantha, but its actual phyletic relationship might be closer to D. chrysantha, its extreme specialization being a result of more rapid evolution from the phyletic line culminating in D. chry- santha. D. scandens possibly diverged earlier from the chrysantha stock, but diverged at a much slower rate (Fig. 2-5a and 2-5b). As in- dicated by Stern (1961), "the angles of divergencies, etc. are strictly diagrammatic and are not designed to denote constant rates of divergencies of ; The Dicentra diagram was constructed primarily from inter- pretations of exomorphic features. It is sometimes possible to con- struct two-dimensional phyletic diagrams with assurance, often with experimental support, when working with species groups where hybridization, autoploidy, and amphiploidy have been major imme- diate factors in the speciation process. The diagram for the genus Clarkia by Lewis and Lewis (1955) is one of the better documented. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Alston, Ralph E; Turner, B. L. (B
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