. Annals of medical history. rship in theMedico-Chirurgical, Friedrich Wilhelm In-stitute in Berlin, by which he obtained hismedical education free, on the conditionthat he would become a surgeon in thePrussian Army on graduating. Helmholtzs first important discovery wasannounced to the world in his inauguralthesis, in 1842, when he was but twenty-one years old. In it he demonstrated thatnerve fibers arose from the nerve cellslocated in the ganglia. In the five years subsequent to hisgraduation, Helmholtz lived in of this period he was assistant physi-cian in La Charite Hospital, a
. Annals of medical history. rship in theMedico-Chirurgical, Friedrich Wilhelm In-stitute in Berlin, by which he obtained hismedical education free, on the conditionthat he would become a surgeon in thePrussian Army on graduating. Helmholtzs first important discovery wasannounced to the world in his inauguralthesis, in 1842, when he was but twenty-one years old. In it he demonstrated thatnerve fibers arose from the nerve cellslocated in the ganglia. In the five years subsequent to hisgraduation, Helmholtz lived in of this period he was assistant physi-cian in La Charite Hospital, and anotherportion he passed at Potsdam as assistantsurgeon to the regiment of the RedHussars. Through the influence of Alexander vonHumboldt he was finalfy relieved from hisduties in the army and became Assistantin the Anatomical Museum, Lecturer onAnatomy to the Academy of Arts, andExtraordinary Professor of Physiology tothe Albert University. In 1843 he made some important studieson fermentation, showing that the living ^f. HlUMANX \tjN Ill-LMHULIZ {Facing page 2SS) Editorial Notes 289 yeast organisms themselves were necessaryfor the production of fermentation, andthat it \vas not, as held by Liebig, due tosome substances produced by them. In 1844 Helmholtz commenced the in-vestigations on animal heat which ulti-mately led to the development of his theoryof the conservation of energy, which hefirst gave to the world in 1847, one of themost wonderful contributions to humanknowledge ever made by mathematicaland physical science. In 1849 Helmholtz was appointed Pro-fessor of Physiology and General Pathologyin the University of Konigsberg. There heinvestigated and determined by a series ofmost interesting experiments the rates ofmotion of the nerve impulses in the motorand sensory nerves, and made the discoveryof the ophthalmoscope, by which he isprobably more generally known to the med-ical profession than by any other of hisscientific achievements. Of it he modestlystates that
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