The new international encyclopaedia . It is remarkable for contain-ing most of the features which distinguish themodern upright. In the direct line of piano de-velopment, however, we owe a greater debt ofgratitude to Southwell, who after fourteen yearsof experimenting exhibited the first upright pianothat yielded practical results in 1807. This hecalled the Cabinet. In 1811 he built another in-strument which shows many decided improve-ments. Wornum still further improved this ^AMMorttsJtp STREICHERS GRAND PIANOFORTE ACTION. son-in-law, Streicher. in 1794 further improvedthis action and establi
The new international encyclopaedia . It is remarkable for contain-ing most of the features which distinguish themodern upright. In the direct line of piano de-velopment, however, we owe a greater debt ofgratitude to Southwell, who after fourteen yearsof experimenting exhibited the first upright pianothat yielded practical results in 1807. This hecalled the Cabinet. In 1811 he built another in-strument which shows many decided improve-ments. Wornum still further improved this ^AMMorttsJtp STREICHERS GRAND PIANOFORTE ACTION. son-in-law, Streicher. in 1794 further improvedthis action and established a great reputation forhis instruments. France was supplied chieflywith English pianos until Erard (a Germanwhose name originally was Erhardt) settled inParis in 1777. The Revolution drove him to Lon-don, where he made himself thoroughly familiarwith English methods. Even after his return toParis Erard continued to use the English action,but meanwhile he was seeking some experiments resulted in 1821 in the double. ENGLISH tJPKICHT PIANOFORTE ACTION. model by the introduction of diagonal increased length of the strings yielded amore powerful tone. He also invented a new ac-tion principle (the so-called lever-check action),which was taken up and further improved byPleyel of Paris, in which form it became knownas the French action. It must not be imagined that the pianoforte im-mediately upon its appearance at the beginning PIANOFORTE. 804 PIANOFOIITE. of the ciehteentli century supersfdod tli« liarpsi-chord or clavicembalo. These instruments con-tinued to be made; especially the clavicembalokept its position in the orchestra throuf,liout tliecentury. Composers still wrote for the harpsi-chord. The earliest known composition wriUeiiespecially for pianoforte appeared in composer, a certain Miithel, entitles itDuetto fiir zwey Claviere, zwcy FortepianoOder zwev Kliipel. But the tcchniiiue is not dif-ferent from that of the harpsichord. The
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