Water drainage channels at the Roman Army Fortress township at Vindolanda, Bardon Mill. Northumberland. SCO 8633
The earliest Roman forts at Vindolanda were built of wood and turf. The remains are now buried as much as 4 metres deep in the anoxic waterlogged soil. There are 5 timber forts, built (and demolished) one after the other. The first, a small fort was probably built by the 1st Cohort of Tungrians about 85 AD. By about 95 AD this was replaced by a larger wooden fort built by the 9th Cohort of Batavians, a mixed infantry-cavalry unit of about 1000 men. That fort was repaired in about 100 AD under the command of the Roman prefect Flavius Cerialis. When the 9th Cohort of Batavians left in 105 AD, their fort was demolished. The 1st Cohort of Tungrians came back to Vindolanda, built a larger wooden fort, and remained here until Hadrian's Wall was built around 122 AD, when they moved, most likely to Vercovicium (Housesteads). Soon after Hadrian's Wall was built, most of its men were moved north to the Antonine Wall. To cope with the dearth of soldiers, a stone fort was built at Vindolanda, possibly for the 2nd Cohort of Nervians. From 208 to 211 AD, there was a major rebellion against Rome in Britain, and the Emperor Septimus Severus led an army to Britain to cope with it personally. The old stone fort was demolished, and replaced by an unconventional set of army buildings on the west, and an unusual array of many round stone huts where the old fort had been: some of these circular huts are visible by the north and the southwest walls of the final stone fort. The Roman army may have built these to accommodate families of British farmers in this unsettled period. Septimus Severus died at York in 211 AD; his sons paid off the rebels and left for Rome. The stone buildings were demolished, and a large new stone fort was built where the huts had been, for the 4th Cohort of Gauls.
Size: 4034px × 6062px
Location: Vindolanda, Bardon Mill. Northumberland. England. United Kingdom.
Photo credit: © David Gowans / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: active, ad, archaeology, army, artifacts, auxiliary, bardon, bath, british, camp, cavalry, century, cohort, components, distinguish, documents, drains, earliest, early, emperor, empire., excavation, excavations, fort, fourth, garrison, gauls, gauls., hadrian, historic, history, house, infantry, inscription, legions., leigon, live, locally, military, mill, museum, native, occupation, official, onwards, personell, recruited, regiment, roman, season, site, soldiers, soldiers., suggests, tablets, troops, units, vindolanda, wall, wax, wooden, writing
