. A history of all nations from the earliest times; being a universal historical library . prudence, the injunction of self-preser-vation, should have caused them in presence of the enmity of thevast Old Russian party to hold together faithfully, Ostermann andMünnich were at variance on account of smaU matters, and Bironcarried on the selfish, hated, and tyrannical government of a at this conduct of a detested foreigner was constantly in-creasing among the Russian people. Led by the remnant of theDolgoruki family, a conspiracy was formed which had for its objectsthe removal of t
. A history of all nations from the earliest times; being a universal historical library . prudence, the injunction of self-preser-vation, should have caused them in presence of the enmity of thevast Old Russian party to hold together faithfully, Ostermann andMünnich were at variance on account of smaU matters, and Bironcarried on the selfish, hated, and tyrannical government of a at this conduct of a detested foreigner was constantly in-creasing among the Russian people. Led by the remnant of theDolgoruki family, a conspiracy was formed which had for its objectsthe removal of the Czarina Anna and the extermination of all Ger-mans ; but it was discovered, and cruelly punished by the executionof many of the Dolgorukis. Such events showed upon what aninsecure footing, in the want of a regulated succession to the throne,the entire government of that day was standing. PLATE Srnlvc/ratrijc tt \$^M~^.-oplutocrati^lt jriniLumJ Empress Elizabeth I. of Russia. Eeduced facsimile of a copper-plate engraving (1761) by E. Tchemesoff; originalpainting by L Tocque (1695-1772). Hielory of Alt yalioM, Vol. A/l., jiage ISl. THE SUCCESSION. 181 The crisis threatened to arrive when in the autumn of 1740 theCzarina Anna, scarcely forty years of age, was attacked by a fatalilbaess. In her last will she had two objects in view : first to securethe succession to her own family to the exclusion of the female pos-terity of Peter the Great, and secondly to preserve for her favorite,Biron, his controlUng position. She named, therefore, as her suc-cessor, Ivan, the son of her niece Anna Leopoldovna, who, a German,had married a German, Duke Anton Ulrich of regent durhig Ivans protracted minority was to be tlie DukeBiron of Coui-land. The Czarina Anna ?\\as hardly dead, October28, 1740, when Anna Leopoldovna and her husband turned to]Münnich in ord
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