. Electronic apparatus for biological research. Electronic apparatus and appliances; Biology -- Research. DIFFICULTIES WITH SINGLE-SIDED AMPLIFIERS to eradicate altogether, but is likely to be particularly bad in a single-sided amplifier design. LOAD POLARIZATION In single-sided power stages directly coupled to a load such as a penwriter, or transformer coupled to a device such as a loudspeaker, there is in both cases a steady component of current which produces a steady magnetic bias in the iron of the penwriter or transformer. It is clear from Figure that this is a bad thing. The curves


. Electronic apparatus for biological research. Electronic apparatus and appliances; Biology -- Research. DIFFICULTIES WITH SINGLE-SIDED AMPLIFIERS to eradicate altogether, but is likely to be particularly bad in a single-sided amplifier design. LOAD POLARIZATION In single-sided power stages directly coupled to a load such as a penwriter, or transformer coupled to a device such as a loudspeaker, there is in both cases a steady component of current which produces a steady magnetic bias in the iron of the penwriter or transformer. It is clear from Figure that this is a bad thing. The curves represent the hysteresis curve of the iron. When there is no bias the working point is at O and the input can have the value shown in Figure When bias is present the working point is Flux produced. Flux wave produced Magneto-motive force i—•- Max possible alternating- input swing Flux produced. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Donaldson, Peter Eden Kirwan. New York, Academic Press


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