. The progress of the Empire State a work devoted to the historical, financial, industrial, and literary development of New York. tle influence towardsteadying prices. The Sugar Combination has never been free from a greatdeal of popular antagonism. It deals in one of the mostcommon necessaries of life. There have been many com-plaints of the treatment of its workmen. There have beenstartling revelations from time to time as to the Companysmethods of dealing with competitors, as in the well-knownPennsylvania Sugar Refining case, and, even more serious,as to the frauds practiced by certain of i


. The progress of the Empire State a work devoted to the historical, financial, industrial, and literary development of New York. tle influence towardsteadying prices. The Sugar Combination has never been free from a greatdeal of popular antagonism. It deals in one of the mostcommon necessaries of life. There have been many com-plaints of the treatment of its workmen. There have beenstartling revelations from time to time as to the Companysmethods of dealing with competitors, as in the well-knownPennsylvania Sugar Refining case, and, even more serious,as to the frauds practiced by certain of its employees inevading customs duties. The most potent factor, however,in promoting its unpopularity, has undoubtedly been theCompanys former policy of secrecy as to all its violent fluctuations in the value of its stock have ledmany to believe that the directors were at times using theirinside knowledge at the expense of other stockholders,though this belief could probably not be Havemeyers defense of this policy of concealmentat the annual meeting of the Company in 1894 is especially. FREDERICK D. MOLLENHAUER Suga bom in New York City; son of John and Doris sihauer; married in Brooklyn, N. Y., 1890, May Craig. Secretary, treasurer, and director Mollenhauer Sugar Refining Co-: r, and director National Sugar Refining Co., of New Jersey; vice-president, treasurer, ling Co.; vice-president andlizens Union Realty & Mortgage Co.; member ad,commission United States Lloyds; trustee Nassau Trust Central Aguirre Sugar Co., Cuban-American Sugar Co.,Fajardo Sugar Co., Manufacturers National Bank, St. RegisPaper Co. I THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL COMBINATION 205 interesting because it is typical of the attitude of manyindustrial executives. He said: We have at present 13,000 stockholders. Any informa-tion which they, as a body, ask for, the directors will at alltimes be prepared to furnish. Up to the present timestockholders have determi


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