. Handbook of nature-study for teachers and parents, based on the Cornell nature-study leaflets. Nature study. ii^ Handbook of Nature-Study himself a box only a few inches longer, wider and thicker than himself. After the cocoon is entirely finished, the caterpillar sheds its skin for the last time and changes into a pupa. Very different, indeed, does the pupa look from the brilliant colored, warty caterpillar. It is compact, brown, oval and smooth, with ability to move but very little when disturbed. The cases which contain the wings, which are later to be the objects of our admiration, are n
. Handbook of nature-study for teachers and parents, based on the Cornell nature-study leaflets. Nature study. ii^ Handbook of Nature-Study himself a box only a few inches longer, wider and thicker than himself. After the cocoon is entirely finished, the caterpillar sheds its skin for the last time and changes into a pupa. Very different, indeed, does the pupa look from the brilliant colored, warty caterpillar. It is compact, brown, oval and smooth, with ability to move but very little when disturbed. The cases which contain the wings, which are later to be the objects of our admiration, are now folded down like a tight cape around the body; and the antennas, like great feathers, are outlined just in front of the wing cases. There is nothing more wonderful in all nature than the changes which are worked within one of these little, brown pupa cases; for within it, processes go on which change the creature from a crawler among the leaves to a winged inhabi- tant of the air. When we see how helpless this pupa is, we can under- stand better how much the strong silken cocoon is needed for protec- tion from ene- mies, as well as from inclement weather. In spring, usually in May, after the leaves are well out on the trees, the pupa skin is shed in its turn, and Cecropia caterpillar weaving its cocoon. out of it comes Photo by M. V. Slingerland. X\i& Wet and wrinkled moth, its wings all crumpled, its furry, soft body very untidy; but it is only because of this soft and crumpled state that it is able to push its way out through the narrow door into the outer world. It has, on each side of its body just back of the head, two little homy hooks that help it to work its way out. It is certainly a sorry object as it issues, looking as if it had been dipped in water and had been squeezed in an inconsiderate hand. But the wet wings soon spread, the bright antennae stretch out, the furry body becomes dry and fluffy, and the large moth appears in all its perfection. The ground co
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