. The actinomycetes. Actinomycetales. 1. Figure 2. Schematic representation of tuft and cluster formation by certain Streptomyces species (Reproduced from: Shinobu, R. Mem. Osaka Univ. Lib. Arts and Ed. B. Nat. Sci. 7, 1958). might have been sufficient to account for the minor differences in the color of mycelium or in the pigmentation of the medium. But what is one to do when the original culture is recorded as producing a yellow aerial my- celium on a given medium, whereas the new isolate gives a buff or brown mycelium? The answer would be that if all the other recog- nizable properties are
. The actinomycetes. Actinomycetales. 1. Figure 2. Schematic representation of tuft and cluster formation by certain Streptomyces species (Reproduced from: Shinobu, R. Mem. Osaka Univ. Lib. Arts and Ed. B. Nat. Sci. 7, 1958). might have been sufficient to account for the minor differences in the color of mycelium or in the pigmentation of the medium. But what is one to do when the original culture is recorded as producing a yellow aerial my- celium on a given medium, whereas the new isolate gives a buff or brown mycelium? The answer would be that if all the other recog- nizable properties are the same or similar, this would be nothing more than a variant. Were one to plate out a single culture and pick a large number of colonies, similar varia- tions could no doubt be observed. Unfortunately, it has frequently been found much easier lo assign undue impor- tance to these variations and designate a freshly isolated culture as a new species. Some justification for this attitude has been found in the fact that the new culture may possess an important economic property, such as the production of a new antibiotic. 11 is largely for this reason that within the last ;) years more "new" species have been created than in all the previous ;> years since Ferdinand Cohn first described his Streptothrix. Requirements for Adequate Species De- scriptions In accordance with the rules of the Inter- national Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria and Viruses, certain procedures must be fol- lowed in describing bacterial species. These are summarized b^y Ainsworth and Cowan (1954) as follows: The name must be effectively published. The name must be validated by a concise de- scription of the diagnostic features of the new isolate. The etymology of the name should be ex- plained. No Latin diagnosis is required. When descriptions are reported in a language unfamiliar to the majority of workers, it is recom- mended that the authors simultaneously publish the diagnosis
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