. Hand-book of electro-therapeutics . The carbonof the first cell is joined to the carbon of the second; the zincof the first is Joined to the carbon of the fourth cell; the zinc ofthe second to the carbon of the third; the zinc of the third tothe zinc of the fourth. By this method we have two of the cellsin series and the remaining two in parallel and thus double thesize of the cells while halving their number. The best kind of cell for a portahle battery is one whichhas elements of carbon and zinc in a solution of sulphuric acidwith bichromate of potassium. It is well also to add a smallamou
. Hand-book of electro-therapeutics . The carbonof the first cell is joined to the carbon of the second; the zincof the first is Joined to the carbon of the fourth cell; the zinc ofthe second to the carbon of the third; the zinc of the third tothe zinc of the fourth. By this method we have two of the cellsin series and the remaining two in parallel and thus double thesize of the cells while halving their number. The best kind of cell for a portahle battery is one whichhas elements of carbon and zinc in a solution of sulphuric acidwith bichromate of potassium. It is well also to add a smallamount of bisulphate of mercury to amalgamate the zinc. We GALVANISM. 25 should remove the elements in this form of battery, when not inuse, to prevent the consumption of material when the battery isnot in active service. The wet cells in a portable battery wouldmake it cumbersome, so usually some form of dry cell is 40 cells should be in a portable battery. We shouldremember that cells will deteriorate even when not in Fig. 4.—No. 5 Victor portable battery It is very important in applying electricity to use themilliamperemeter. If we are testing for reaction of degenera-tion and note that we use 18 cells to-day and, one week later,use 20 cells to produce the same contraction, we should notforget that the extra number required may be due to loss ofpower in each cell. If we say so many milliamperes were usedwe cannot be in error. The scientific way of stating results isin milliamperes. For office use the best form of cell is the Leclanche, or 26 ELECTRO-THERAPEUTICS. some modification of it. It is not necessary to remove theelements from this cell. We will remember that polarization is due to a collectionof hydrogen bubbles on the carbon elements; this then becomesthe generating plate and a new current of electricity is startedtoward the zinc. There are several methods of preventing polarization. The larger the carbon element, the longer ittakes for polarization t
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