. A text-book of animal physiology, with introductory chapters on general biology and a full treatment of reproduction ... Physiology, Comparative. />'r. FlQ. 232. Fie 233. Fio. 232.—The frog's heart, seen from the front, the aortic arches of the left side having been removed. (1 x 4.) ca^ carotid ; c. gl, carotid gland ; ao^ aorta ; au\ right auricle ; au", left auricle ; pr. c, vena cava superior ; pt. c. vena cava inferior ; p. e«, pulmo-cutaneous trunk ; <r, truncus arteriosus; u, ventricle (Howes). Fig. ^.—The same, seen from behind, the sinus venosus having been opened up to s
. A text-book of animal physiology, with introductory chapters on general biology and a full treatment of reproduction ... Physiology, Comparative. />'r. FlQ. 232. Fie 233. Fio. 232.—The frog's heart, seen from the front, the aortic arches of the left side having been removed. (1 x 4.) ca^ carotid ; c. gl, carotid gland ; ao^ aorta ; au\ right auricle ; au", left auricle ; pr. c, vena cava superior ; pt. c. vena cava inferior ; p. e«, pulmo-cutaneous trunk ; <r, truncus arteriosus; u, ventricle (Howes). Fig. ^.—The same, seen from behind, the sinus venosus having been opened up to show the sinu-auricular valves. (1 x 4.) p. u pulmonary vein ; s. v, sinus venosus ; va'\ sinu-au- ricular valve. Other lettering as in Fig. 232 (Howes). ventricle characterized by a spongy arrangement of the mus- cle-fibers of its walls. In the reptiles the division between the auricles is complete, and there is one ventricle which shows imperfect subdivisions. In the crocodile, however, the heart consists of four per- fectly divided chambers. Of the two aortic arches, one arises together with the pulmonary artery from the right ventricle, and, as it crosses over, the left communicates with it by a small opening, so that, although the arterial and the venous blood are completely separated in the heart, they intermingle outside of this organ. In birds the circulatory system is substantially the same as in mammals; but in all vertebrate forms below birds the blood distributed to the tissues is imperfectly oxidized or is partially Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Mills, Wesley, 1847-1915. New York, D. Appleton
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