. The trackman's helper, a handbook for track foremen, supervisors and engineers . e consumed in thetwo places within a period of one year. Besides, itwas the rule for a derailment to herald the time forrenewal which by reason of the difficulties of accessto this location usually involved an expense for thewrecking and repair of equipment equal to the valueof a new point. It is three years since the points nowin track, which were then close to the limit of safewear, were cut back and the guard rails applied and FROGS AND SWITCHES 281 it is quite probable the points will still last two yearslon
. The trackman's helper, a handbook for track foremen, supervisors and engineers . e consumed in thetwo places within a period of one year. Besides, itwas the rule for a derailment to herald the time forrenewal which by reason of the difficulties of accessto this location usually involved an expense for thewrecking and repair of equipment equal to the valueof a new point. It is three years since the points nowin track, which were then close to the limit of safewear, were cut back and the guard rails applied and FROGS AND SWITCHES 281 it is quite probable the points will still last two yearslonger. At this one location 60 switch points willhave been saved in a period of five years, which rep-resents at least $1,200 in money. (Fig. 59.) Turnouts for narrow-gage track on industrial rail-way. Mr. Ealph D. Brown of the OGara Coal Com-pany has given the following useful notes which werepublished in Eng. News in 1916. The development of narrow-gage railway track isconfined chiefly to limited layouts for industrial plantsand to mining operations where limited clearances ne-. Fig. 50. Staggered Switch Points on a Curve of Heavy Wear cessitate its use. A coal mining company operatingmany mines which had been developed independentlywas forced by economic necessity to standardize itsequipment. As some of the mines were already de-veloped extensively, it was not considered advisableto relay the tracks entirely to change the gage, but itwas found possible to use one type of frog and switchfor all turnouts. Standard designs were adopted, and the results ofcomputations were placed in tabular form for theuse of the construction gang. Certain assumptionshad to be made, such as the length of the wing railsof the frog and the heel distance of the switch, butthey were all within the limits of accepted practice and 282 THE TRACKMANS HELPER can be applied to any industrial-track system. Thedesigns of the frog and switch point, shown in were made after considering both simplicity an
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