. History of Rome and of the Roman people, from its origin to the Invasion of the Barbarians;. watched on hisbehalf over the maintenance of order in Rome, with the forty-five hundred ,men of the three urban cohorts, having a care thatthe praefectus annonae should keep the public granaries alwaysfilled, and that the praefectus vigdum maintained security in thestreets. Though praetors, annually chosen by lot, administered thepublic treasury [aerarimn) in the name of the state, the Emperorcaused the Senate to open it to him; so that the army, justice,religion, the law, the finances, the officials
. History of Rome and of the Roman people, from its origin to the Invasion of the Barbarians;. watched on hisbehalf over the maintenance of order in Rome, with the forty-five hundred ,men of the three urban cohorts, having a care thatthe praefectus annonae should keep the public granaries alwaysfilled, and that the praefectus vigdum maintained security in thestreets. Though praetors, annually chosen by lot, administered thepublic treasury [aerarimn) in the name of the state, the Emperorcaused the Senate to open it to him; so that the army, justice,religion, the law, the finances, the officials, all the resources andall the living forces of the Empire, were in his hands. He had constituted himself the soul of this great body, thathe might regulate all its movements according to his will ; andin order to bind the whole Empire by the tie of an oath, everyyear, on the first of January, the Senate, the people, the legions,and the provincials swore fidelity to him. This was the government : we shall now study its operation. * Cameo in the Cabinet de France, No. 190 in the AUOUSTLS, CROWNED WITH OAK AXtl CHAPTER LXVI. ADMINISTKATION OP AUGUSTUS AT KOME AND IN ITALY. I. — The Population Classified. TVTOTWITHSTANDING the noise of arms that had been heard-^^ laot long since upon the Sicilian coasts, in the Ionian Sea,and on the shores of the Nile, a great calm had settled down uponmankind ; and Roman society, tranquil and indifferent, was ready tosubmit with docility to whatever measures the new authority mightplease to take for the purpose of securing order and makingpermanent the reign of law. By a kind of monarchical instinct, which in the mind of Con-stant ine was to become a settled principle of social organization,Augustus began to introduce divisions and ranks into the state, inorder to restore subordination and discipline. He saw that theman who stood alone above all, had cause to fear all ; and to guardthe approaches to power, he placed between
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