. The Canadian field-naturalist. 74 The Canadian Feeld-Naturalist Vol. 114. Figure 3. Princess Charlotte Monument, showing the main tower. were also observed on all but one of the sea stacks leading to the Monument. Black-legged Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla This colonial seabird nested in large numbers at the main colony (30 000 pairs; Birkhead and Nettleship 1981), often interspersed with Thick- billed Murres. In addition, we found 198 active nests on the vertical cliffs of the Monument. We defined active nests as having at least one adult present, and in most cases these nests also contained e
. The Canadian field-naturalist. 74 The Canadian Feeld-Naturalist Vol. 114. Figure 3. Princess Charlotte Monument, showing the main tower. were also observed on all but one of the sea stacks leading to the Monument. Black-legged Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla This colonial seabird nested in large numbers at the main colony (30 000 pairs; Birkhead and Nettleship 1981), often interspersed with Thick- billed Murres. In addition, we found 198 active nests on the vertical cliffs of the Monument. We defined active nests as having at least one adult present, and in most cases these nests also contained eggs or chicks. Breeding phenology at the Monument was similar to the main colony in 1998, with chicks close to fledging by 21 August based upon feather devel- opment. Some flocks of adult kittiwakes (> 1000 birds) fed on amphipods (Amphipoda) near shore at the outflow areas of glacier creeks in Epic Bay. Kittiwakes also made extensive use of coastal fresh- water ponds in which they bathed. Ivory Gull Pagophila ebumea Two Ivory Gulls were observed at Cabin Beach. This species appears to be a rare summer visitor in spite of the fact that one of Canada's two major breeding concentrations exists on the nearby nunataks of Ellesmere Island, 150 km to the north- east (Thomas and MacDonald 1987). Sabine's Gull Xema sabini A single individual was observed on the sea north of the main colony on 11 July 1998. Atlantic Puffin Fratercula arctica During visits to the Monument on 20 and 21 July, seven pairs of puffins were observed at the entrances to rock crevices at the base of the main tower (, 14 birds). In two crevices, we found puffin egg frag- ments (at least 1 year old), indicating previous nest- ing attempts. On 21 August, fourteen pairs of puffins were observed on the same slopes that we visited previously in July. Seven of these pairs were stand- ing at crevice entrances that we had found previous- ly, and a further seven pairs stood at the entrances to seven other crevices
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