. Pharmaceutical bacteriology, with special reference to disinfection and sterilization. Bacteriology. IMMUNITY AND IMMUNIZING AGENTS. 123 tion of the precipitate has been termed precipitin. Similar reactions are observed with milk and egg albumen, when used with their specific immune sera. These reactions have been utilized to secure evidence in crimina cases. The serum of an animal which has been injected with human blood (humanized immune serum) produces a precipitate when mixed with human blood, even in high dilutions. Like agglutination, the reaction is, however, not wholly specific. For
. Pharmaceutical bacteriology, with special reference to disinfection and sterilization. Bacteriology. IMMUNITY AND IMMUNIZING AGENTS. 123 tion of the precipitate has been termed precipitin. Similar reactions are observed with milk and egg albumen, when used with their specific immune sera. These reactions have been utilized to secure evidence in crimina cases. The serum of an animal which has been injected with human blood (humanized immune serum) produces a precipitate when mixed with human blood, even in high dilutions. Like agglutination, the reaction is, however, not wholly specific. For example, humanized animal serum will also produce a precipitate with the blood of higher apes. Dog immunized animal serum will produce a precipitate with wolf's blood, etc. The chief immunizing agents are the bacterolysins, the antitoxins and the leucocytes (phagocytes) aided by the opsonins. The significance of. Fig. 56.—Illustrating receptors of the third order, or so-called amboceptors. This serves to explain the action of lysins (bacteriolysin, Hemolysin, cell lysins, milk lysins, etc.). The ceE receptor (amboceptor) has two haptophore groups, one (e) capable of uniting with a disintegrated substance as bacterial cell, blood-corpuscle, etc., (/) and the other ig) having the power to combine with a complement (k). h is the haptophore group of the complement (lysin) and z the zymotoxic group. Amboceptors, lysin receptors and receptors of the third order mean the same thing. {Journal of the American Medical Association, 1905, p. 1369.) agglutinins and precipitins in the prevention of bacterial disease is not clear. Recent observations on drug action tend to prove that some of these rem- edial agents apparently possess antitoxic and other immunizing properties. It is for example fairly well proven that phosphorus and Echinacea angusii- folia have the power of increasing the opsonic index in certain bacterial in- vasions. Sulphide of carbon and silica appear to check and cure
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