Chromatin condensation, diagram. This sequence, from right to left, shows the stages by which a long strand of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid, far right)
Chromatin condensation, diagram. This sequence, from right to left, shows the stages by which a long strand of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid, far right) is combined with various proteins to form chromatin, and is then coiled and compacted to form a chromosome (far left). The intermediate stages include histone cores (blue, centre right) that form 'beads on a string' and 'fibre' structures. Further scaffold proteins help coil the fibre (centre left). This compaction process is required to fit DNA strands (typically 2 metres in length) inside cell nuclei (less than millimetres across). The scale in nanometres (nm) is across top.
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Photo credit: © ART FOR SCIENCE/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY / Alamy / Afripics
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