. North American trees : being descriptions and illustrations of the trees growing independently of cultivation in North America, north of Mexico and the West Indies . Trees. The Willows i8i shining winter buds are oblong, blunt, about 3 mm. long. The reniform- orbicular leaves are cm. wide or less, rather firm in texture, smooth, rounded, or some of them very blunt- pointed, slightly heart-shaped at the base, their margins entire, or incon- spicuously undulate, the upper sur- face dull green, the under side pale; the lowest pair of veins are nearly as strong as the mid vein; the slightly
. North American trees : being descriptions and illustrations of the trees growing independently of cultivation in North America, north of Mexico and the West Indies . Trees. The Willows i8i shining winter buds are oblong, blunt, about 3 mm. long. The reniform- orbicular leaves are cm. wide or less, rather firm in texture, smooth, rounded, or some of them very blunt- pointed, slightly heart-shaped at the base, their margins entire, or incon- spicuously undulate, the upper sur- face dull green, the under side pale; the lowest pair of veins are nearly as strong as the mid vein; the slightly flattened, rather stout yellowish leaf- stalks are to 2 cm. long, and a little shorter than the blades, or about as long. At the base of the leaf- blade, on the under side, are two brownish, oblong concave glands, about mm. Fig. 139. — Cercis-leaved Aspen II. THE WILLOWS GENUS SALIX [TOURNEFORT] LINN^US ILLOWS comprise about 200 species of trees or shrubs principally of the north temperate and arctic zones, very few occurring in the south- em hemisphere. Numerous fossil species have also been described. Aside from their value as shade trees and ornamentals and the pro- tection of the banks of streams, they are not so important economically now, as in former times, when their flexible twigs and bark were more largely used as a coarse fiber and their herbage as fodder. They are still very important in bas- ketry; the Ijark is used in tanning and very sparingly in medicine; the wood is used to some extent in Europe but very little in this country, except for fuel and for charcoal, which is preferred for medicinal use and is also used as black crayon by artists. They have soft, brittle, usually light-colored wood, single-scaled buds, which are mostly lateral. The leaves are usually narrow and short-stalked, persistent in a few species, their stipules often very large and broad. The flowers are dioe- cious, in cyhndric catkins with entire bracts, the staminate usual
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