A dictionary of Greek and Roman . ee required to be based upon a flatsquare stone, and to have a stone or tile of similarform fixed on its summit to preserve it from decay,so the column was made with a square base, andwas covered with an abacus. [Abacus.] Hencethe principal parts of which every column consistsare three, the base, the shaft, and the capital. In the Doric, which is the oldest style of Greekarchitecture, we must consider all the columns inthe same row as having one common base (podium),whereas in the Ionic and Corinthian each columnhas a separate base, called (rrr&p
A dictionary of Greek and Roman . ee required to be based upon a flatsquare stone, and to have a stone or tile of similarform fixed on its summit to preserve it from decay,so the column was made with a square base, andwas covered with an abacus. [Abacus.] Hencethe principal parts of which every column consistsare three, the base, the shaft, and the capital. In the Doric, which is the oldest style of Greekarchitecture, we must consider all the columns inthe same row as having one common base (podium),whereas in the Ionic and Corinthian each columnhas a separate base, called (rrr&pa. [Spira.] Thecapitals of these two latter orders show, on com-parison with the Doric, a greater degree of com-plexity and a much richer style of ornament;and the character of lightness and elegance isfurther obtained in them by their more slendershaft, its height being much greater in proportionto its thickness. Of all these circumstances someidea may be formed by the inspection of the threeaccompanying specimens of pillars selected from. Y 2 324 COLUMNA. COLUMNA. each of the principal orders of ancient first is from a column of the Parthenon atAthens, the capital of which is shown on a largerscale at p. 1. The second is from the temple ofBacchus at Teos, the capital of which is introducedat p. 144. The third is from the remains of thetemple of Jupiter at Labranda. In all the orders the shaft (scapus) tapers fromthe bottom towards the top, thus imitating thenatural form of the trunk of a tree, and at thesame time conforming to a general law in regardto the attainment of strength and solidity in allupright bodies. The shaft was, however, madewith a slight swelling in the middle, which wascalled the entasis. It was, moreover, almost uni-versally, and from the earliest times, channelledor fluted, i. e. the outside was striped with inci-sions parallel to the axis. (Vitruv. iv. 4.) Theseincisions, called striae, were always worked withextreme regularity. The secti
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Keywords: ., bookauthorsmithwilliam18131893, bookcentury1800, bookdecade1840
