Pioneers of modern physical training . volumes will reveal the nature and validityof their authors claims to originality. After 1868 Lewis returned more and more to the lecturefield, which he had never relinquished altogether. Thewinter of 1873-74 was given up to an extensive course oflyceum lectures in the West, and the balance of 1874 totemperance work exclusively. Out of the WomensCrusades, which he inspired and helped to organize at thistime, was developed the Womans Christian TemperanceUnion, formed at Cleveland in November of that year. In1875 he went to California for three years of out
Pioneers of modern physical training . volumes will reveal the nature and validityof their authors claims to originality. After 1868 Lewis returned more and more to the lecturefield, which he had never relinquished altogether. Thewinter of 1873-74 was given up to an extensive course oflyceum lectures in the West, and the balance of 1874 totemperance work exclusively. Out of the WomensCrusades, which he inspired and helped to organize at thistime, was developed the Womans Christian TemperanceUnion, formed at Cleveland in November of that year. In1875 he went to California for three years of outdoor life,and in 1881, when obliged to give up active duties again,transferred his home from Boston to New York City. Theyear 1884 saw him located on a farm at Smithtown, LongIsland, in search of rest, but in July able to deliver a courseof lectures and teach gymnastics at the Marthas VineyardSummer Institute. In the fall of 1885 his home was movedto Yonkers, on the Hudson, and there his death occurred inMay of the following year. 48. Edward Hitchcock{From a pliotog)-apJi taken in iSby.) XI. Dr. Edward Hitchcock. Open-air gymnasia of the Jahn type had been fitted up inthe years 1826-28 at Harvard, Yale, Amherst, Wilhams,Brown and Bowdoin. Another was in use at the Universityof Virginia in the fifties, and later in that same decade aframe structure containing gymnastic apparatus was builtand maintained by students at Princeton College. Aboutthe year 18G0 three colleges, Harvard, Yale, and Amherst,erected gymnasia of brick or stone at a cost of approxi-mately $10,000 each, and the trustees of Amherst went astep farther and created a professorship of hygiene andphysical education, the first to be established in any Ameri-can college. The original incumbent of this new chair,after less than a year of service, resigned and was suc-ceeded by Dr. Edward Hitchcock, who has served unin-terruptedly from 1861 to the present time and is thereforethe Nestor of gymnasium directors in this co
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