. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology. E C. (A) Dermophis (B) Rana (C) Varanus Figure 5. Comparison of hyobranchial muscle activity patterns during a single pressure pump cycle in (A) a caecilian {Der- mophis), (B) a frog (Rana), and (C) a monitor lizard (Varanus). Homologous muscles are shown in the same row. Each pumping cycle (E + C) has been scaled to the same duration time (the scale bars are seconds). Pressures (bottom trace) have been scaled to the same peak value; maximum peak pressures range from 4 cm HjO (frog) to 15 cm Hfi (caecilian and mon
. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology. E C. (A) Dermophis (B) Rana (C) Varanus Figure 5. Comparison of hyobranchial muscle activity patterns during a single pressure pump cycle in (A) a caecilian {Der- mophis), (B) a frog (Rana), and (C) a monitor lizard (Varanus). Homologous muscles are shown in the same row. Each pumping cycle (E + C) has been scaled to the same duration time (the scale bars are seconds). Pressures (bottom trace) have been scaled to the same peak value; maximum peak pressures range from 4 cm HjO (frog) to 15 cm Hfi (caecilian and monitor lizard). Abbreviations: E, active expansion; C, compression; GH, m. geniohyoideus; IH, m. interhyoideus; RC, m. rectus cervicis; others as in Figure 2. (A) is modified from Carrier and Wake (1995); (B) is a composite of de Jongh and Gans (1969) and West and Jones (1974); and (C) is from this study. lizards, it is possible to directly compare their activity patterns in the gular pump of V. exanthematicus and in the buccal pump of a caecilian (Carrier and Wake, 1995) and an anuran (de Jongh and Gans, 1969; West and Jones, 1974). Differences in pressure profiles aside, all three neuro- motor patterns clearly are similar (Fig. 5). This suggests that homologous hyobran- chial muscles function in much the same way in these distantly related clades. Therefore, the homology of the gular and buccal pumping behaviors cannot be re- jected. Nevertheless, analysis of the present data does not allow us to conclude with confidence that the gular and buccal pumps are homologous behaviors. Neuro- motor similarity is not sufficient to claim that a behavioral mechanism has been. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Harvard University. Museum of Comparative Zoology. Cambridge, Mass. : The Museum
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