. The American fruit culturist. is thrust down by the side of thestretched line, finishing the whole by a few slightlateral motions of the hand, then thrusting in theseedling held in the left handand pressing the earth very com-pactly about it with the same tool. Greatcare is to be taken that the hole be entirelyand closely filled, and that no cavities areleft among the roots below. If the weather be dry, it will be wellto immerse the roots previously in mud;and in any case but few plants should beleft exposed to the air at a time. If the seedlings be valuable, as those of the pear, or havebro
. The American fruit culturist. is thrust down by the side of thestretched line, finishing the whole by a few slightlateral motions of the hand, then thrusting in theseedling held in the left handand pressing the earth very com-pactly about it with the same tool. Greatcare is to be taken that the hole be entirelyand closely filled, and that no cavities areleft among the roots below. If the weather be dry, it will be wellto immerse the roots previously in mud;and in any case but few plants should beleft exposed to the air at a time. If the seedlings be valuable, as those of the pear, or havebroad branching roots like the French quince, they should beset out with a spade—a trench being previously cut by theline for this purpose, or a straight furrow made by a skilfulploughman before the line is stretched. One man holds eachsuccessive seedling with the hand, placing it close to the line,while the other covers the roots with a spade, moving back-ward in the row. Seedlings may be set out in the nursery row in autumn if. Fig. 206.—Dibble. MANAGEMENT OF NURSERIES. 153 perfectly hardy and the soil is not subject to heaving by frost;but, as a general rule, it is safer to do all the transplanting inspring. Pear stocks should be set out very early in thespring, to prevent check in their growth, and to admit ofbudding the same season. The age for setting out seedlings must depend on circum-stances. Yearlings, if strong and vigorous, are always thebest, and it is extremely desirable that thc}^ grow with suffi-cient vigor to be budded the same season. If the buddinghas to be deferred, a whole year of time, cultivation, andcare is lost—more than enough to overbalance the additionalcost of the best stocks. Cultivation.—The soil in the nursery should be kept per-fectly clear of weeds and in a state of constant cultivation—especially during the early growth of the seedlings and Hand-hoeing is expensive, and is only needed for theextirpation of weeds, and occasi
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