. A description and history of vegetable substances, used in the arts, and in domestic economy . d knots, is generally pictu-resque. Its autumnal hues are particularly beautiful. Elm. Of this tree there are about fifteen species. TheCommon Elm (Ulmus campestris) is generally un-derstood to be indigenous in the south part of theisland; and, at any rate, it must have been in Eng-land in the time of the Saxons, as many compoundnames of places, of which the word elm forms apart, are to be met with in Domesday Book,the drawing up of which was finished in 1086, Elm is a tough and strong timber; but
. A description and history of vegetable substances, used in the arts, and in domestic economy . d knots, is generally pictu-resque. Its autumnal hues are particularly beautiful. Elm. Of this tree there are about fifteen species. TheCommon Elm (Ulmus campestris) is generally un-derstood to be indigenous in the south part of theisland; and, at any rate, it must have been in Eng-land in the time of the Saxons, as many compoundnames of places, of which the word elm forms apart, are to be met with in Domesday Book,the drawing up of which was finished in 1086, Elm is a tough and strong timber; but it is coarseand open in the grain, more especially when it hasgrown upon very rich land. That which grows in themore fertile parts of England is far inferior to the pro-duce of the midland counties of Scotland ; the latterbeing much closer in the grain, harder, more handsome,and taking a finer polish. Of the one, chairs andother aiticles of furniture are made, while the other isseldom used but for coarse purposes—casks, coffins,wooden presses, &c. The Scotch seems to be the THE ELM. 95. Elm— Ulmus campestris. Mountain Elm (C7/7?2wsmo7i^a7m), called w^ch-hazel,or wych-elm in some parts of England, and cor-rupted to witch elm. The timber of this is some-times described as being inferior to that of the elmof the plains in closeness and strength; but theancient statute enjoining the use of bows, in whichthe wych-haxel is mentioned, and the elm not, isagainst that hj^othesis. The elm attains a large size, and lives to a greatage. Mention is made of one planted by Heni-y France, which was standing at the Luxembourgat the commencement of the French at the upper end of Church-lane, Chelsea, (saidto have been planted by Queen Elizabeth,) was felledin 1745. It was thirteen feet in circumference atthe bottom, and one hundred and ten feet elm, near the Boddington Oak, in the vale , was, in 1783, about eighty feet high, andthe smallest girth
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