Elementary text-book of zoology (1884) Elementary text-book of zoology elementarytextbo0101clau Year: 1884 HYMENOPTERA. 591 moveable head with large facetted eyes which in the male are almost in contact, and three ocelli (tig. 486). In the antennae a large basal joint (shaft) and eleven to twelve shorter joints can usually be distinguished, or they are not crooked, in which case they consist of a greater number of joints. The mouth parts are biting and licking: the upper lip and man- dibles are constructed as in beetles and Orthoptera; the maxillae and labium. on the other hand, are elongated
Elementary text-book of zoology (1884) Elementary text-book of zoology elementarytextbo0101clau Year: 1884 HYMENOPTERA. 591 moveable head with large facetted eyes which in the male are almost in contact, and three ocelli (tig. 486). In the antennae a large basal joint (shaft) and eleven to twelve shorter joints can usually be distinguished, or they are not crooked, in which case they consist of a greater number of joints. The mouth parts are biting and licking: the upper lip and man- dibles are constructed as in beetles and Orthoptera; the maxillae and labium. on the other hand, are elongated and adapted for licking, and when at rest are frequently bent round. In bees the tongue can be considerably elongated and assume the form of a proboscis; in this case the lobes of the jaws also become considerably extended, and form a kind of sheath around the tongue. The maxillary palps are usually six-jointed : the labial palps on the other hand only four-jointed, Imt the number of joints may be reduced. As in the Lepidoptera and Dipf<?ra. the prothorax is firmly con- nected with the following thoracic segments, inasmuch as the FIG. 480.— Apis melliflca. a, Queen, ft. Worker, c, Drone. proiiotum at least (excepting in the leaf- and wood-wasps) is fused with the mesonotuni, while the rudimentary prosternuni remains freely nioveable. On the mesothorax two small nioveable scales (fpyuhf) are found over the base of the forewing, and behind the scutellum the anterior part of the metanotum is developed into the posterior shield (postscutellu/ni). Both pnius of wings are membranous, transparent, and traversed by Imt few nerviires ; the anterior are considerably larger than the posterior. From the outer edge of the latter small hooks arise, which are attached to the inferior edge of the anterior pair, thus bringing about the connection between the two pairs of wings. Sometimes the wings are absent in one of the two sexes, or in the workers amongst many social Hymenoptera. Th
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