. A history of architecture in Italy from the time of Constantine to the dawn of the renaissance. ls, and Antioch wasprobably not much behind her. Constantines work was continued on an equal scale two centuries later by Justinian,but the churches were no longer of the basilican type. The Byzantine architecture hadcome in. But in 014. Palestine was invaded and Jerusalem taken by the Peisians. whomade a point of destroying-, as far as lay in their power, every Christian building. Whatthe Persians left, the Mohammedans finished a few years later. Again in 1010, theCaliph Hakim-Biamr-Illah ordered
. A history of architecture in Italy from the time of Constantine to the dawn of the renaissance. ls, and Antioch wasprobably not much behind her. Constantines work was continued on an equal scale two centuries later by Justinian,but the churches were no longer of the basilican type. The Byzantine architecture hadcome in. But in 014. Palestine was invaded and Jerusalem taken by the Peisians. whomade a point of destroying-, as far as lay in their power, every Christian building. Whatthe Persians left, the Mohammedans finished a few years later. Again in 1010, theCaliph Hakim-Biamr-Illah ordered and saw carried out the deliberate destruction of allthe churches of Jerusalem. Thus the Crusaders, at the end of the eleventh century,found little of the ancient work of the Christian builders. But what the Persians andMussulmans left, the Crusaders themselves abolished in their rage for new churchesduring- the eighty years of their occupation of the Holy Land. De Vogii^, La Si/rieCentrale, p. 28. 1 Mothes, p. C9. Its present name dates only from the eighth century. 38 ARCHITECTURE IN ITALY. taken away were set at the east end of the church, and made thechief feature of a narthex or porch. The clerestory wall was pierced with round-arched windowsby Gregory III. in 732 ;the apse was rebuilt byPaschal I. in 818. Themosaic pavement was laidtowards the end of the thir-teenth century at the costof two noblemen of chapels were addedduring and after the fif-teenth century, and in 1500the open roof of the navewas concealed by a richlypanelled and gilded woodenceiling. The church wasrepaired extensively byBenedict XIV. in 1743,but no essential change wasmade in the interior. Theexterior was entirely The great interior is, indesign, ])erha})s the simplestof all the great basilicas,but its magnificent dimen-sions, the richness of itsmaterials, and the unbrokencontinuity of its colonnadescombine to make it one ofthe most effective and im-posing of all the Romanchurch
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