. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum Entomology. Iphiclides Teinopalpus Meandrusa Protesilaus Ewytides Protographium Lamproptera G. (Pazala) G. (Pathysa) including Faranticopsis G. (Arisbe) G. (Graphium) Fig. 1. Munroe & Ehrlich's (1960) interpretation of the phylogeny of the Leptocircini etc. Redrawn as a cladogram from their 'Apparent sequence of separation . .'. The branching pattern of Graphium subgenera is interpreted from Munroe\s (1961) account. See text. Fig. 2. Hancock's (1983) phylogeny of the Leptocircini. Hancock included the sword-tailed afrotropical species of Graphium in
. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum Entomology. Iphiclides Teinopalpus Meandrusa Protesilaus Ewytides Protographium Lamproptera G. (Pazala) G. (Pathysa) including Faranticopsis G. (Arisbe) G. (Graphium) Fig. 1. Munroe & Ehrlich's (1960) interpretation of the phylogeny of the Leptocircini etc. Redrawn as a cladogram from their 'Apparent sequence of separation . .'. The branching pattern of Graphium subgenera is interpreted from Munroe\s (1961) account. See text. Fig. 2. Hancock's (1983) phylogeny of the Leptocircini. Hancock included the sword-tailed afrotropical species of Graphium in the subgenus (Graphium). Protesilaus, Eurytides, Protographium, Lamproptera and Graphium form Hancock's subtribe 'Leptocirciti'. Hancock's (1983) interpretation is illustrated here as Fig. 2. Four years after Hancock's (1983) revision appeared, Miller (1987) published his phylogenetic study of the Papilioninae. Miller built on the work of his predeces- sors and added many of his own observations. He did not delve down to the level of the species or species group, and did not consider the other subfamilies other than as context. His was also the first study to employ computer based cladistic methodology using the prin- ciple of parsimony to generate cladograms. The principal difference from both Munroe (1961) and Hancock (1983) in the context of the present study is the exclusion of Meandrusa and Teinopalpus from the Leptocircini. Miller (1987) considered that the charac- ters used to link Teinopalpus with the Leptocircini to be largely plesiomorphies, and placed it in a tribe of its own (the Teinoplapini) as sister to (Papilionini + Troidini). He placed Meandrusa as sister to Papilio within the Papilionini arguing that those characters that link it to the Leptocircini are homoplastic, whereas it shares the apomorphies of his (Papilionini + Troidini) clade, and with Papilio. Miller (1987) did have a basal dichotomy in the Leptocircini, giving a clade compris- ing the American E
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