. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture -- United States. MUSHROOMS AND OTHER COMMON FUNGI. 51 portion which has attained the surface remains, covering the inner peridium like a cap or inverted cup; consequently, the apparent apex at which the mouth is situated is the actual base of the plant as it grows. The capillitium threads are similar to the densely interwoven hyphae, which form the inner peridium and are evidently branches of them radiating from the ; {Morgan, vol. 14, P- 14%-) Catastoma circumscissum. Peridium subglobose, more or less de
. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture -- United States. MUSHROOMS AND OTHER COMMON FUNGI. 51 portion which has attained the surface remains, covering the inner peridium like a cap or inverted cup; consequently, the apparent apex at which the mouth is situated is the actual base of the plant as it grows. The capillitium threads are similar to the densely interwoven hyphae, which form the inner peridium and are evidently branches of them radiating from the ; {Morgan, vol. 14, P- 14%-) Catastoma circumscissum. Peridium subglobose, more or less depressed, and often quite irregular; cortex thick- ish, fragile, usually rough and uneven from the adhering soil, after maturity torn away, leaving the lower two-thirds or more in the ground; inner peridium depressed-globose, subcoriaceous, rather thin, pallid, becoming gray, minutely furfuraceous, with a small regular basal mouth. Mass of spores and capillitium soft, compact, then friable, oliva- ceous, changing to pale brown (fig. 1; from Morgan). GEASTER (EARTH STARS). In the genus Geaster the peridium consists of three persistent coats. The two outer coats generally adhere and form the thick, fleshy- coriaceous exoperidium, which at maturity splits from the apex into several seg- ments; the inner coat, the endoperidium, is more or less parchmentlike, either sessile or short stalked, and opens by . , rr,. Fig. 1.— Catastoma circumscissum, showing method of an apical mouth. 1 he spores growth, early and late stages. The cross section (at top) are USliallv dark brOWn and shows the origin of the threads of the capillitium. (After mixed with capillitium. The distinctive character of this genus is the stellate manner of dehiscence of the two outer layers. The segments thus formed vary from spreading, inrolled, or recurved to arched. The accompanying illustration (PL XXXVI, fig. 1) shows a form of the latter type in which the two layers of the exoperidium separate, the outer rema
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