. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 48 ROSEMARY MARTIN MARVEL AND KENNETH C. FISHER In embryos near hatching, and in larvae or adult squid, immersion in cyanide almost immediately produces acute respiratory distress, as indicated by greatly increased amplitude of mantle and siphon movements. Soon afterwards these movements cease. In addition, the chromatophoral system undergoes a char- acteristic cycle whereby the animals flush at first to a deep red or purple, then blanch permanently to a bluish-white color. The criteria used for recovery were, in general, th
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 48 ROSEMARY MARTIN MARVEL AND KENNETH C. FISHER In embryos near hatching, and in larvae or adult squid, immersion in cyanide almost immediately produces acute respiratory distress, as indicated by greatly increased amplitude of mantle and siphon movements. Soon afterwards these movements cease. In addition, the chromatophoral system undergoes a char- acteristic cycle whereby the animals flush at first to a deep red or purple, then blanch permanently to a bluish-white color. The criteria used for recovery were, in general, the reverse of the symptoms outlined above: (a) In young embryos rotation within the egg capsule, pulsation of the yolk sac, and continuation of external development. (b) In young hatching larvae and adults, resumption of normal body color (as opposed to the blanched condition), recovery of respiratory movements, and the ability to swim freely. DAYS ArTCP /-/ATC/i/NC 0/23 4 S ADULTS. FIGURE 1. The number of organisms which recovered after subjection to cyanide for the periods indicated. Each entry represents a single experiment in which, as a rule, at least ten organisms were used. It should be mentioned here that for the purposes of this paper, observations on "recovery" do not deal with the effect of cyanide upon subsequent morphology. Subjection to the inhibitor for long periods of time (, 10 hours) frequently ap- pears to have a subsequent teratological effect upon squid embryos which becomes evident at the time of formation of mantle and siphon. There may also be distor- tion of the yolk sac, though the embryo apparently continues to derive nourishment from it. In a general way recovery is most rapid in the embryo, less so in the larvae, and least rapid in the adult. Squid younger than two days post-hatching show remark-. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and a
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