. British insects : a familiar description of the form, structure, habits, and transformations of insects. e bees and their relations, we come to the first re-markable change in the form of these parts, though theyare still to be recognised with ease. The peculiarities * The caddis is included in this list for the sake of uniformity, but infact, these insects, living but a short time in the perfect state, and requir-ing little or no food, have the mouth in a very rudimentary and unde-veloped state. 32 INSECTS. Fig. 6. of development being most conspicuous in the bee itself, this shall be taken
. British insects : a familiar description of the form, structure, habits, and transformations of insects. e bees and their relations, we come to the first re-markable change in the form of these parts, though theyare still to be recognised with ease. The peculiarities * The caddis is included in this list for the sake of uniformity, but infact, these insects, living but a short time in the perfect state, and requir-ing little or no food, have the mouth in a very rudimentary and unde-veloped state. 32 INSECTS. Fig. 6. of development being most conspicuous in the bee itself, this shall be taken as an example. The upper lip, or labrum (fig. 6, h), and the mandibles, or upper jaws (c c) of thebee resemble those of otherbiting insects. The mandi-bles are of various forms inthe several genera (as willbe shown in chap, xix., butare always strong, horny,biting jaws). The maxillaeor lower jaws {d d), how-ever, of the bee, entirely losetheir jaw-like character, andbecome long, thin, membra-nous plates (always bearingthe maxillary palpi,^) andfulfil the ofiBce, when drawntogether, of a sheath to the. tongue. This tongue, or Face of neuter hive-bee, , clvpeus ; h, labrum ; c, man-dibles ; d, maxillffi ; e, labium ;f, labial palpi; g, ligula of the ^ ^°^ ligula (f/), is a long, slender, hairy organ, growing on a fleshy base, and is, in fact, a prolongation of the labium [e e), the fleshy base being sometimes called the mentum, and on each side of the tongue (as the organ is here called, having altogether lost its lip-like character) the two labial palpi (//) are found. Besides the palpi, the tongue is furnished with two slender filaments, called paraglossae (irapa, near, yXivacra, the tongue), which are found also in some other biting insects. The tongue of the bee, * The maxillary palpi and paraglossae are not shown in this figure, butmay be seen in that of Anthophora retusa, in the twelfth chapter. EXTERNAL STRUCTURE OF INSECTS. 33
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