Scientific amusements . l withspirits of wine, and fit with a metal top, in which wepunch a hole to permit the wick to ascend through ametallic pen-holden Our heating-apparatus is thencomplete. OXYGEN AND HYDROGEN The ancients believed that earth, air, fire, and waterwere the four elements; but they were mistaken, for eachof these so-called elements is composed of other —water is composed of two gases, oxygen andhydrogen, which we may now proceed to prepare. Tomake oxygen it is only necessary to warm in a glasstube a mixture of chlorate of potash and the bi-oxide ofmanganese. Oxygen
Scientific amusements . l withspirits of wine, and fit with a metal top, in which wepunch a hole to permit the wick to ascend through ametallic pen-holden Our heating-apparatus is thencomplete. OXYGEN AND HYDROGEN The ancients believed that earth, air, fire, and waterwere the four elements; but they were mistaken, for eachof these so-called elements is composed of other —water is composed of two gases, oxygen andhydrogen, which we may now proceed to prepare. Tomake oxygen it is only necessary to warm in a glasstube a mixture of chlorate of potash and the bi-oxide ofmanganese. Oxygen is contained in water, but it is also CHEMISTRY WITHOUT A LAEORATORV. 93 contained in air; it supports the respiration of animalsand the combustion of burning substances. After wehave warmed our glass tube for a while we may perceivethe escape of the oxygen from it by putting the incan-descent point of an extinguished match in the tube : theniatch will at once be re-lighted, and burn under theinfluence of the Fis- 77-—Preparation of Oxygen, To prepare hydrogen gas—another of the constitutionalelements of water^we must decompose the water by ametal, such as zinc or iron, under the action of sulphuricacid. \Procure a glass vessel with three tubes, which canbe closed with corks. One of these is furnished witha funnel, into which we may pour sulphuric acid andwater ; another tube is furnished with a removable tubewith a fine point, through which the hydrogen gas 94 CHEMISTRY WITHOUT A LABORATORY. escapes. The glass vessel is half filled with zinc the sulphuric acid and water come in contact withthe zinc filings an effervescence due to the disengagementof the gas is produced. Care must be taken that the air in the glass receptaclefor the hydrogen gas is expelled, else there will be anexplosion, for air and hydrogen gas form an explosive
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