. Collected reprints / Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories [and] Pacific Oceanographic Laboratories. Oceanography Ross and Cardone: Oceanic Whitecaps 445. Fig. I. False color enhancement of whitecap photography for surface winds of 20 m/s where whitecaps have been made black and the thin foam streaks are gold and orange. the reduction to 20 m was based on the surface boundary layer model proposed by Cardone [1969], This model allows a specification of the wind profile »-% Mf) -*(!)] where U is the wind speed, V, = (r/p)1'2, t is the surface stress, p is the air
. Collected reprints / Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories [and] Pacific Oceanographic Laboratories. Oceanography Ross and Cardone: Oceanic Whitecaps 445. Fig. I. False color enhancement of whitecap photography for surface winds of 20 m/s where whitecaps have been made black and the thin foam streaks are gold and orange. the reduction to 20 m was based on the surface boundary layer model proposed by Cardone [1969], This model allows a specification of the wind profile »-% Mf) -*(!)] where U is the wind speed, V, = (r/p)1'2, t is the surface stress, p is the air density, K = , Z is the height, Z„ is the roughness parameter, and L is the stability length, from a measurement of wind speed at a given height and the air-sea temperature difference. The wind profile stability depandence enters through the form of the function \f/, which introduces a departure of the profile from the logarithmic. The application of surface boundary layer theory up to the low flight altitudes typical of these data appears to be justified. Table 1 presents the results of this technique for handling winds measured by means of an inertial navigation system and referenced to surface anemometer winds. Observations A tabulation of all foam cover determinations and associated environmental conditions is shown in Table 2. Ac- cording to the measured air-sea temperature differences all observations are associated with unstable stratification of varying degree. The wind speeds for the data range from 10 to 25 m/s, so that the low-level Richardson numbers, a more fundamental measure of stability, indicate only moderately unstable conditions for most observations. Hence this data set is not as useful for studying the effects of stability on foam cover as other studies at lower wind speeds that cover both positive and negative air-sea temperature differences [, Monahan. 1969]. The range of fetches is quite large: the observations in the vicinity of ocean station
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