Trephining. Coloured 13th century artwork showing trephining, the drilling of a hole into the skull in order to relieve pressure on the brain. The ins

---

Trephining. Coloured 13th century artwork showing trephining, the drilling of a hole into the skull in order to relieve pressure on the brain. The instrument used, the trephine, was an improved version of the simpler trepan, as it had a guiding centre pin. Medieval doctors prescribed surgery, but thought it too demeaning to actually perform. Instead, surgery was performed by a lower caste of medical practitioners, such as butchers, who had no training other than an apprenticeship with a surgeon.

---

Size: 3455px × 5125px
Photo credit: © SHEILA TERRY/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No

Keywords: -, 2016, 21st, ash, ashtray, belgian, belgium, bin, brussels, century, cigarette, city, disposal, environmental, europe, european, grill, ground, health, healthcare, level, public, saint-josse, sint-joost, space, street, town, urban, waste, white