. Cooperative economic insect report. Insect pests Control United States Periodicals. - 801 - INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES TWO-SPOTTED CITRUS PSYLLID (Spanioza erythreae (Del Guercio)) Economic Importance: The two-spotted citrus psyllid causes conspicuous pitting and curling of citrus leaves on the east coast of Africa, from Ethiopia south to the Cape. Serious damage to citrus nursery stock, particularly new growth, may occur. Nymphs cause pitting of the leaves by feeding on the underside of the foliage. Pitted leaves do not regain their shape after the insect leaves. In Eth
. Cooperative economic insect report. Insect pests Control United States Periodicals. - 801 - INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES TWO-SPOTTED CITRUS PSYLLID (Spanioza erythreae (Del Guercio)) Economic Importance: The two-spotted citrus psyllid causes conspicuous pitting and curling of citrus leaves on the east coast of Africa, from Ethiopia south to the Cape. Serious damage to citrus nursery stock, particularly new growth, may occur. Nymphs cause pitting of the leaves by feeding on the underside of the foliage. Pitted leaves do not regain their shape after the insect leaves. In Ethiopia, serious damage to lemon was reported in 1961 and to orange in 1963. Distribution: East Africa, Ethiopia, South Africa, and Sudan. Hosts: Citrus and plants of the citrus Life History and Habits: The insect breeds all during the year; however, it is more noticeable when plants produce new growth. Adults deposit eggs only on succulent shoots. Hatching occurs in 5-7 days in the summer and the small nymphs settle on the underside of leaves where they feed. Each individual remains in a shallow pit unless disturbed. Because nymphs are stationary on the leaves, they are often mistaken for scale insects. The nymphal stage lasts on the average 20 days in summer and 30 in winter. There are five nymphal instars. The pocked appearance of the leaves is the primary indication of the presence of the insects. Adults fly rapidly and are not easily captured on the foliage. Excrement from both nymphs and adults resembles tiny white eggs. The ground or vegetation under a severly infested tree appears as though dusted with powder. Hemiptera: Psyllidae No. 168 of Series. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original United States. Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine; United States. Plant Pest Control Branch
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