. Bulletin. Ethnology. BULL. 30] MINES AND QUARRIES 865 tained from exposures in the bluffs, by the Hopi Indians, and there is historical tes- timony that it was thus procured for pottery-burning in former times. Iron oxides were extensively mined by some tribes, as is illustrated in an iron mine re- cently opened in Franklin co., Mo., where deep, sinuous galleries had been exca- vated in the ore body for the purpose of obtaining the red and yellow oxides for paint (Holmes).. Section of paint Mine in a bed of iron Ore, m<ssouri. OF EXCAVATIONS ABOUT 20 FT. (holMEs) The quarrying of stone f(
. Bulletin. Ethnology. BULL. 30] MINES AND QUARRIES 865 tained from exposures in the bluffs, by the Hopi Indians, and there is historical tes- timony that it was thus procured for pottery-burning in former times. Iron oxides were extensively mined by some tribes, as is illustrated in an iron mine re- cently opened in Franklin co., Mo., where deep, sinuous galleries had been exca- vated in the ore body for the purpose of obtaining the red and yellow oxides for paint (Holmes).. Section of paint Mine in a bed of iron Ore, m<ssouri. OF EXCAVATIONS ABOUT 20 FT. (holMEs) The quarrying of stone f(jr the manu- facture of implements, utensils, and orna- ments was one of the great industries of the native tribes. Ancient excavations, surrounded by the debris of implement- making, are of common occurrence in the United States. Flint (q. v.) and other varieties of stone sufficiently brittle to be shaped by the fracture ])rocesses were especially sought, but soapstone, mica, and turquoise were also quarried. The flinty rocks include chert (usually called flint), novaculite, quartz, cjuartzite, jas- per, argiliite, rhyolite, and obsidian (q. v.). The best known flint quarries are those on Flint Ridge, l^icking co., Ohio; at Mill Creek, Union co., 111., and in the vicinity of Hot Springs, Ark. Many others have been located, and doubtless still others remain undiscov- ered in the forests and mountains. At Fhnt Ridge extensive beds of richly colored flint of excellent quality occur, forming the summit of the fiattish ridge. The ancient pittings cover hundreds of acres, and in numerous cases are still open to a depth of from 10 to 20 ft. About the pits are ridges and heaps of •debris and many shop sites where the implement forms were roughed out, and masses of fractured flint and fiakage, as well as cf)untless hammerstones used in the shaping operations (see Stone-work-). The flint body was first uncovered, prob- ably with the aid of stone, antler, and wooden tools, and then bro
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