. Frost & fire : natural engines, tool-marks & chips : with sketches taken at home and abroad by a traveller. FLOATS—TEKKACES—NOKTIIEKN SCANDINAVIA. 357 Where a hill is exposed to the westeru or northern sea,there are no terraces ; and the face often retains none of thesemarks. Instead there is a cliff washed and undermined bywaves, or protected at the base by a talus of angular frag-ments which constantly fall from the rock, wear away, androll upon the Terraces of •OSION AT yUAlN CLUBBE. Ruck-Shelves. August 24, 1S51. In such places there are no old terraces, they have beenundermined
. Frost & fire : natural engines, tool-marks & chips : with sketches taken at home and abroad by a traveller. FLOATS—TEKKACES—NOKTIIEKN SCANDINAVIA. 357 Where a hill is exposed to the westeru or northern sea,there are no terraces ; and the face often retains none of thesemarks. Instead there is a cliff washed and undermined bywaves, or protected at the base by a talus of angular frag-ments which constantly fall from the rock, wear away, androll upon the Terraces of •OSION AT yUAlN CLUBBE. Ruck-Shelves. August 24, 1S51. In such places there are no old terraces, they have beenundermined and broken down ; but new ones are formingunder water, and older formations of similar pattern remainnear them in sheltered nooks. They are seen from the deckof the steamer a long way south on the Scandinavian coast,and they are common in Scotland on many watersheds. Wliere a mountain-l;»urn has broken through a series,as shown in the cut, their structure is seen, and they allappear to consist of rolled stones, piled upon a foundation ofsloping rock which often bears marks of ice. In Northern Scandinavia these stones, taken singl\, have 358 DENUDATION—FROST-MARKS—LAND-ICE. the same forms on the tjekl-top, and in the sea. Taken col-lectively, they form long points, osar, bars, ridges, terraces, andbeaches of the same pattern, on the fjeld ; in bogs, in deltas,in glens, in shallow sea-bays ; at the end and in the midst ofdeep fjords, and even under
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