. America heraldica : a compilation of coats of arms, crests and mottoes of prominent American families settled in this country before 1800 . action of assuming fraudulent marks of gentility. Werecognize, therefore, as conclusive proofs of a right to coat-armor, such family relics as: Seals,impressions of seals, plates, old engravings, tombstones,—all these being well authenticated as contem-poraneous with the first emigrant, or, may be, the generation that succeeded immediately him. But, whenever such proof is admitted, instead of a clear, direct, complete pedigree, connectingthe American sto
. America heraldica : a compilation of coats of arms, crests and mottoes of prominent American families settled in this country before 1800 . action of assuming fraudulent marks of gentility. Werecognize, therefore, as conclusive proofs of a right to coat-armor, such family relics as: Seals,impressions of seals, plates, old engravings, tombstones,—all these being well authenticated as contem-poraneous with the first emigrant, or, may be, the generation that succeeded immediately him. But, whenever such proof is admitted, instead of a clear, direct, complete pedigree, connectingthe American stock with an European family in possession of coat-armor, we state the fact in detail,and leave the reader to be the final judge in the case. And now, as a last and parting word of preface, let us open this record—a work of patience,care, and strict impartiality—by stating, that the coats of arms herein inserted have all been chosenwithout any regard to the fact of the bearers of any of them being subscribers or not; also, thatno compensation of any kind has been accepted for insertion of notices or coats of arms. E. DE V. AMERICA HERALDICA ^Livingston Sir Bernard Burke, in his Gen. History of ExtinctPeerages, etc., gives a special notice to the AmericanLivingstons, whose pedigree goes clearly back tothe Scotch Livingstones, Earls of Linlithgowand Earls of Calendar. The direct ancestor of the New York Livingstonswas the Rev. John Livingstone, born in Scotland in1603, exiled to Holland on account of his religiousconvictions. His descendant, Robert Livingstone,bom in 1654, came over to America about 1676, andwas granted by Governor Thomas Dongan, in 1683,the manorial estate of the family. After the death ofthe third Lord, these immense estates were divided infour shares. The Livingstons quarter: i and 4, Linlithgow ;2, Hepburn; 3, Calendar. They use the Linlith-gow crest and motto. Crest : A demi-Hercules, wreathedabout the head and middle; in hisdexter hand, a club
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