A text-book of clinical anatomy : for students and practitioners . is normal, due to the mode of prepa-ration (formalin). The black spaces indicating the pleural and the pericardial cavitiesdo not exist during life, as was explained in Fig. 46. LL, Left lower lobe. RL, Rightlower lobe. P, Pleural cavity; under normal conditions, this does not exist during , Right ventricle. LV, Left ventricle. LA, Left auricle. Between the two is seenone of the mitral valves. RA, Right auricle. 1, Phrenic nerve, placed in connectivetissue between mediastinal pleura and parietal pericardium. 2, Descendin


A text-book of clinical anatomy : for students and practitioners . is normal, due to the mode of prepa-ration (formalin). The black spaces indicating the pleural and the pericardial cavitiesdo not exist during life, as was explained in Fig. 46. LL, Left lower lobe. RL, Rightlower lobe. P, Pleural cavity; under normal conditions, this does not exist during , Right ventricle. LV, Left ventricle. LA, Left auricle. Between the two is seenone of the mitral valves. RA, Right auricle. 1, Phrenic nerve, placed in connectivetissue between mediastinal pleura and parietal pericardium. 2, Descending or thoracicaorta. 3, Vagus nerves. Between the two is seen the esophagus as a flat black area. 4,Sympathetic nerves. The black dot anterior to each represents the venae azygos. 5,Thoracic duct. 6, Pectoralis major, covered by pectoral fascia. Beneath it is seen thepectoralis minor. M, Mammary gland, showing radiating arrangement of milk-ductstoward nipple. It is placed nearer the axilla than is normal, the section having been madeon a formalinized cadaver. 173. Fig. 56.—Surface markings of principal veins on anterior surface of body. 1, Ante-rior intercostal veins, which empty into the internal mammary. 2, Continuation of theanterior intercostal veins, which join with the posterior intercostals, and empty into theazygos veins. 3, Terminal branches of internal mammary, forming the superior epigastricveins. 4, Superficial inferior epigastric vein. 5, Deep inferior epigastric vein. 6, Ex-ternal iliac vein. 7, Femoral vein. The dotted portion below shows the popliteal veinas projected on the anterior surface of the thigh. 8, Internal saphenous vein, emptyinginto the femoral vein at the saphenous opening. 9, Cephalic vein, joining with 10, thebasilic vein, to empty into the subclavian, n, Median basilic vein, which is most oftenchosen for intravenous transfusion or for venesection. 12, Median cephalic vein. R,Radial vein. M, Median vein. U, Ulnar vein. 175 SURFACE MARKINGS OF TH


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