. The expression of the emotions in man and animals. eyes somewhat staring, the eyebrowspartially raised, and at the same time strongly con-tracted, the mouth opened, and the platysma in action,all effected by the means of galvanism. He considersthat the expression thus produced shows extreme terrorwith horrible pain or torture. A tortured man, as longas his sufferings allowed him to feel any dread for thefuture, would probably exhibit horror in an extremedegree. I have shown the original of this photographto twenty-three persons of both sexes and various ages ;and thirteen immediately answere
. The expression of the emotions in man and animals. eyes somewhat staring, the eyebrowspartially raised, and at the same time strongly con-tracted, the mouth opened, and the platysma in action,all effected by the means of galvanism. He considersthat the expression thus produced shows extreme terrorwith horrible pain or torture. A tortured man, as longas his sufferings allowed him to feel any dread for thefuture, would probably exhibit horror in an extremedegree. I have shown the original of this photographto twenty-three persons of both sexes and various ages ;and thirteen immediately answered horror, great pain,torture, or agony; three answered extreme fright; sothat sixteen answered nearly in accordance with Du-chennes belief. Six, however, said anger, guided no ^^ Anatomy of Expression, p. 169. * Mecaaisme de la Physionomie, Album, pi. 65, pp. 44, 45, X 306 HOREOE. Chap. XII. doubt, by the strongly contracted brows, and overlookingthe peculiarly opened mouth. One said disgust. Onthe whole, the evidence indicates that we have here a. Fig. 21. IIorri>r and Agony, copied from a photograph by Dr. Ducbenne. fairly good representation of horror and agony. Thephotograph before referred to (PI. VII. fig. 2) likewiseexhibits horror; but in this the oblique eyebrows in-dicate great mental distress in place of energy. Chap. XII. CONCLUSION. 307 Horror is generally accompanied by various gestures,which differ in different individuals. Judging frompictures, the whole body is often turned away or shrinks;or the arms are violently protruded as if to pushaway some dreadful object. The most frequent gesture,as far as can be inferred from the acting of personswho endeavour to express a vividly-imagined scene ofhorror, is the raising of both shoulders, with the bentarms pressed closely against the sides or chest. Thesemovements are nearly the same with those commonlymade when we feel very cold; and they are generallyaccompanied by a shudder, as well as by a deep expira-tion or
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