Medieval and modern times; an introduction to the history of western Europe form the dissolution of the Roman empire to the present time . ent bridges and triumphal arches that keptfresh in the peoples mind the recollection of his victories. By these means he gradu-ally converted a medievaltown into the most beau-tiful of modern capitals. The whole educationalsystem was reorganizedand made as highly cen-tralized and as subser-vient to the aims of theemperor as any depart-ment of government. Na-poleon argued that one ofthe chief aims of educa-tion should be the forma-tion of loyal subjects whow
Medieval and modern times; an introduction to the history of western Europe form the dissolution of the Roman empire to the present time . ent bridges and triumphal arches that keptfresh in the peoples mind the recollection of his victories. By these means he gradu-ally converted a medievaltown into the most beau-tiful of modern capitals. The whole educationalsystem was reorganizedand made as highly cen-tralized and as subser-vient to the aims of theemperor as any depart-ment of government. Na-poleon argued that one ofthe chief aims of educa-tion should be the forma-tion of loyal subjects whowould be faithful to theemperor and his succes-sors. An imperial cate-chism was prepared, whichnot only inculcated loyaltyto Napoleon but actuallythreatened with eternalperdition those who shouldfail in their obligationsto him, including Napoleon created a newnobility, and he endeav-ored to assure the sup-port of distinguished individuals by making them membersof the Legion of Honor which he founded. The Princes 1 See Readings in Modern European History, Vol. I, p. 351 ; Readings inEuropean History, Vol. II, p. Fig. 146. Arch of Triumph Begun by Napoleon in 1806, this largestarch of triumph in the world was notcompleted until 1836. It is 160 feethigh and stands on a slight hill, withstreets radiating from all sides, so thatit is known as the Arch of Triumph ofthe Star. It is therefore visible fromall over the western part of the monument recalls the days of theRoman Empire, upon which so many ofthe institutions and ideas of Republicanand Napoleonic France were based Europe and Napoleon 551 whom he nominated received an annual income of two hundredthousand francs. The ministers of state, senators, members ofhis Council of State, and the archbishops received the title ofCount and a revenue of thirty thousand francs, and so on. Thearmy was not forgotten, for Napoleon felt that to be his chiefsupport. The incomes of his marshals were enormous, andbra
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