. Handbook of birds of the western United States including the great plains, great basin, Pacific slope, and lower Rio Grande valley . iE: SHRIKES. GENUS LANIUS. General Characters. — Bill large and powerful, notched, toothed, andhooked ; wing with ten primaries ; wing and tail rounded ; feet large andstrong ; tarsus distinctly scaled. KEY TO ADULTS. Fig. Lores and nasal tufts never wholly black .... borealis, p. Lores and nasal tufts always wholly black, 2. Under parts dull white, grayish, or brownish, often finely barred with 3. Fppef parts tinged with brownish gambeli. p. 393.
. Handbook of birds of the western United States including the great plains, great basin, Pacific slope, and lower Rio Grande valley . iE: SHRIKES. GENUS LANIUS. General Characters. — Bill large and powerful, notched, toothed, andhooked ; wing with ten primaries ; wing and tail rounded ; feet large andstrong ; tarsus distinctly scaled. KEY TO ADULTS. Fig. Lores and nasal tufts never wholly black .... borealis, p. Lores and nasal tufts always wholly black, 2. Under parts dull white, grayish, or brownish, often finely barred with 3. Fppef parts tinged with brownish gambeli. p. 393. 3. Upper parts dark slate gray anthonyi, p. 39d. 392 SHRIKES 621. Lanius borealis Vieill. Northern Shrike. Adults in summer. — Wide streak on side of head, and wings and tailblack, wings and tail extensively marked with white ; under parts white,barred or undulated with grayish; upper parts pale ash gray liecomingwhitish on forehead, superciliary, and rump; lores black and grayish,a whitish spot on lower eyelid. Adults in winter: similai*, but basal halfof lower mandible light brownish horn color, grayish in life, and lores. From Biological Survey, U. S. Dept. of 483. chiefly light grayish or whitish. Young: largely washed with : , wing , tail , bill from nostril . Distribution. — Breeds from Labrador, Hudson Bay, and Cook Inlet,Alaska, northward; migrates south in winter as far as Virginia, Kansas,Arizona, and northern California. Nest. — In bushes or thorny trees, a rude, bulky structure of twigs,grasses, and stems, lined with mosses, lichens, and feathers. Eggs: 4 to6, pale bluish green, spotted with brown and purple. Food. — In winter, mice, English sparrows, grasshoppers, and otherbirds and insects. The northern shrikes reach Colorado in October, Prof. Cookesays, first appearing on the mountains above timberline. Some ofthem winter as high as 9500 feet in the mountain parks, but mostof them work
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