The ancient world, from the earliest times to 800 AD . e been used only of the gods. It13 by this name that he is thenceforth known in history. 1 These gates were always open when the Komans were engaged in any all Roman history, they had been closed only twice before,—and one ofthese times was in the legendary reign of King Numa. 2 See References, page 464. The student must be on his guard in readingsuch * sources : Augustus account is true to the letter, not to the spirit. 8 There is an excellent statement in Pelham, 407-409. ^Octavius, however, was so intrenched in popular favor that
The ancient world, from the earliest times to 800 AD . e been used only of the gods. It13 by this name that he is thenceforth known in history. 1 These gates were always open when the Komans were engaged in any all Roman history, they had been closed only twice before,—and one ofthese times was in the legendary reign of King Numa. 2 See References, page 464. The student must be on his guard in readingsuch * sources : Augustus account is true to the letter, not to the spirit. 8 There is an excellent statement in Pelham, 407-409. ^Octavius, however, was so intrenched in popular favor that he did notneed open support from the army. The legions were stationed mostly on thefrontiers, far from Italy. Octavius did create a body of city troops, ninethousand in number, the praetorian guards, to preserve order at Rome; butjduring his rule, even these guards were encamped outside the city. 5 569] AUGUSTUS, 31 461 Augustus, however, carefully refused the forms and pompof monarchy, and exercised his real control of the government. Augustus. —Now in the Vatican. through disguised channels, instead of ruling openly as Juliushad done. He lived more simply than many a noble andwalked the streets like any citizen, charming all by his .rankcourtesy. He preferred to all his other titles the name of 462 THE ROMAN EMPIRE (§570 honor, Princeps ( Prince), which was popularly conferredupon him and which signified the first citizen of theRepublic. 570. Character of Augustus. — In his early career Augustushad proven himself able, adroit, unscrupulous, had shrunk from no cruelty, and had been moved by nopassion. But absolute power, which drives small men tofrenzy, warmed this cold, unlovely schemer into somethingakin to greatness.^ He became an impartial and faithful ruler,and took up the work of the great JuVlus, though with a morecautious spirit. The remaining forty years of his life he gaveto unremitting toil in strengthening the Empire and in impr
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