. Diseases of cattle, sheep, goats and swine. Veterinary medicine. PNEUMO-THORAX. 363 As soon as the rupture occurs air passes from the lung into the pleural cavity, and the lung collapses in consequence of the resilience of its elastic constituents. Under other, much rarer, circumstances pneumo-thorax occurs in con- sequence of gas generated in the digestive tract passing into the pleural spaces. The condition then makes rapid progress, and death occurs in a few days. Symptoms. The symptoms are well defined. As soon as the acci- dent occurs the animal exhibits extremely marked and sudden dysp
. Diseases of cattle, sheep, goats and swine. Veterinary medicine. PNEUMO-THORAX. 363 As soon as the rupture occurs air passes from the lung into the pleural cavity, and the lung collapses in consequence of the resilience of its elastic constituents. Under other, much rarer, circumstances pneumo-thorax occurs in con- sequence of gas generated in the digestive tract passing into the pleural spaces. The condition then makes rapid progress, and death occurs in a few days. Symptoms. The symptoms are well defined. As soon as the acci- dent occurs the animal exhibits extremely marked and sudden dyspnoea, accompanied by heaving at the flank or general agitation of all the muscles of the body. One of the lungs, in fact, has suddenly been called on to perform the functions of both, and at first it natu- rally has great difficulty in meeting this demand. The heaving at the flank and the general agitation of the body muscles is due to the fact that the regularity and rhythm of contraction of the diaphragm are disturbed, and the mechanical condi- tions have become different on the two sides. From the first, respiration is moaning and expiration becomes rapid, stertorous and deep, while the face is anxious-looking, and the nostrils are di- lated as though the animal was on the point of suffocation. On examining the animal from in front or behind, the thorax is easily seen to be wanting in symmetry, the side on which the pneumo-thorax has occurred being immobile as compared with the sound side. The latter, moreover, is dilated in order to compensate for the loss of function of the collapsed lung. Percussion reveals greatly increased resonance on the side of the pneumo-thorax. On the other hand, the opposite side yields a normal sound. Auscultation reveals an increase of the. respiratory murmur on the side which is still acting and, on the contrary, complete and total sup- pression of the respiratory murmur on the affected side. On applying the ear to the chest wall, a large soft,
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