Social England : a record of the progress of the people in religion, laws, learning, arts, industry, commerce, science, literature and manners, from the earliest times to the present day . ^ Avith a view toremedy, but he AA^as overborne; and instead of this theGovernment had a crushing Insurrection Bill passed in 1787,Avhich AA-as folloAAed by the usual crop of transportations andexecutions ; after Avhich, instead of improving, matters becameAvorse than before. About 1790 the minds of the higher classes began to bestirred profoundly by the French ReAolution. Clubs Av^ereformed in Dublin and Be
Social England : a record of the progress of the people in religion, laws, learning, arts, industry, commerce, science, literature and manners, from the earliest times to the present day . ^ Avith a view toremedy, but he AA^as overborne; and instead of this theGovernment had a crushing Insurrection Bill passed in 1787,Avhich AA-as folloAAed by the usual crop of transportations andexecutions ; after Avhich, instead of improving, matters becameAvorse than before. About 1790 the minds of the higher classes began to bestirred profoundly by the French ReAolution. Clubs Av^ereformed in Dublin and Belfast, Avhose publications and speechesexposed unsparingly the evil S3^stems and the corruption ofthe Government; but the Government Avas inexorable, andnever deviated from its course. Lord Charlemont, Lord Moira, 694 REVOLUTION AND REACTION. [1784 Hamilton Rowan, Theobald Wolfe Tone, and Napper Tandy, all belonging- to the Protestant gentiy, were members of these The clubs. In 1791 Tone founded the Society of United Irishmen, irisiimen. in Belfast, which Avas to include all classes and religions in its ranks; its chief fundamental objects, which were quite legal, CatholicDisabili. WOLFE TOXE. being to break down the corru]3ting influence of the Govern-ment by Parliamentary reform, and to remove the disabilities ofall religious persuasions. The association called the Catholic Committee, composedties. of the leading Catholics of Dublin, had been in existence for many years. Their purpose was to look after the Catholicinterests in general, and especially to obtain the repeal ofthe remaining penal statutes: but beyond this they did notmix themselves up much in any political movements. Consider-able success attended their eftbrts. In 1798 a Bill was passedthrough the Irish Parliament restoring the franchise to theCatholics, opening up to them almost all situations, civil and IRELAND. 695 1802] military, and granting them permission to open colleges. Butseveral heavy restrictions st
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