. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. PRODUCTS, ADVENTITIOUS. 79 species of calculus is remarkable for the'rough tuberculated character of its surface, which gives it the aspect of a mulberry. Its section exhibits commonly a granular, but sometimes a laminated, arrangement; the internal colour is the same as the external; the density and hardness (especially of the laminated variety) vary considerably. The dark colour of these calculi is generally ascribed to admixture of the colouring matter of blood, thrown out from the irritation their rough surface produ
. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. PRODUCTS, ADVENTITIOUS. 79 species of calculus is remarkable for the'rough tuberculated character of its surface, which gives it the aspect of a mulberry. Its section exhibits commonly a granular, but sometimes a laminated, arrangement; the internal colour is the same as the external; the density and hardness (especially of the laminated variety) vary considerably. The dark colour of these calculi is generally ascribed to admixture of the colouring matter of blood, thrown out from the irritation their rough surface produces on the tissues it comes in contact with. The oxalate of lime calculus may occur of pure white colour, with sharp angular crystals on the surface ; of this rare variety the University College Col- lection contains a remarkable specimen. The rarity of oxalate of lime crystals in uri- nary deposits was matter of received opinion until the inquiries of Dr. G. Bird led him to the inference that in the cases of disease oc- curring in London . . the oxalate of lime is of far more frequent occurrence in urine than the deposits of earthy phosphates.* The oxa- late deposit, when in abundance, appears to the naked eye, after the application of gentle heat, as a white glistening powder, which under a low magnify ing power resolves itself into " crys- tals of the'oxalate in beautifully formed trans- parent octohedra,with sharply denned edges and angles (Jig. 80,«). It sometimes happens that Fig. concerning oxalate of lime crystals. They (oc- tohedral form) are of somewhat more frequent occurrence in females (14 of 42) than in males (11 of 42). They are most frequently present in acute affections and in anaemia ; and at that period of acute affections when anaemia is most likely to be fully developed, at the onset of convalescence. They occur in spermator- rhea temporarily. Their frequency in rheuma- tism has been exaggerated, our proportion being only 3 of 15 cases. They are
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