. Elements of biology; a practical text-book correlating botany, zoology, and human physiology. Biology. Grantia, a limy sponge, on the shell of a mussel. From photograph loaned by American Museum of Natural History. body is pierced by a number of tiny holes or pores which communicate with the cloaca. The shape of the sponge is maintained by a skeleton composed of many tiny pieces or spicules of carbonate of lime. Notice the edge of the osculum. Make a drawing of the Grantia twice natural size, showing all the above structures.' An examination with the microscope shows the pores of the sponge
. Elements of biology; a practical text-book correlating botany, zoology, and human physiology. Biology. Grantia, a limy sponge, on the shell of a mussel. From photograph loaned by American Museum of Natural History. body is pierced by a number of tiny holes or pores which communicate with the cloaca. The shape of the sponge is maintained by a skeleton composed of many tiny pieces or spicules of carbonate of lime. Notice the edge of the osculum. Make a drawing of the Grantia twice natural size, showing all the above structures.' An examination with the microscope shows the pores of the sponge to be lined with ciliated cells. These, by means of move- ments of the cilia, set up a current of water toward the cloaca. This current bears food particles, tiny plants and animals, which are seized and digested by the ciliated cells. T^. r . These cells seemingly pass on the food to the Diagram of a simple sponge; ^ i ; o,ex- Other cells of the body. The middle layer halant opening or osciu- lum. 1 See Hunter and Valentine, Manual, page 159. 191. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Hunter, George William, 1873-1948. New York, American book company
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