The theory and practice of working plans (forest organization) . obviatedthe necessity of determining the cut for several periods of twentyyears each in advance. The period method was therefore aban-doned and the determination of cut confined to the next decadeby means of the stand method ( Bestandswirtschaft ) (methodNo. 16).t The division of area is as far as possible rectilinear, theboundaries being used as roads. Because of the imminentdanger of windfall in spruce, the lines are run parallel with andat right angles to the prevailing wind direction. Stands (subcompartments) are segregated d
The theory and practice of working plans (forest organization) . obviatedthe necessity of determining the cut for several periods of twentyyears each in advance. The period method was therefore aban-doned and the determination of cut confined to the next decadeby means of the stand method ( Bestandswirtschaft ) (methodNo. 16).t The division of area is as far as possible rectilinear, theboundaries being used as roads. Because of the imminentdanger of windfall in spruce, the lines are run parallel with andat right angles to the prevailing wind direction. Stands (subcompartments) are segregated down to a mini-mum area of half an acre. The prevalent uniformity of con-ditions permits of tabulated forest descriptions. Site quality isgauged both according to the intrinsic quality of the soil (Stand-ortsbonitat) and according to the quality of the stand growingthereon (Bestandsbonitat). The two by no means always coin- * See Management of Spruce in Saxony, Forestry Quarterly, Volume XI,No. 2, pp. 143-148. t For outline of Saxon working plan, see page THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF WORKING PLANS 195 cide; for the stand growing on a certain site is not necessarilythe one best suited to it. The age classes are in twenty-year gradations—each ageclass is again divided in half so that the age-class distribution isrecorded by decades. Owing to the great regularity of the stands, calipering is notordinarily necessary. Stands less than half of the usual rota-tion of eighty years are estimated from yield tables; standsover forty years old are estimated ocularly and reestimated ateach ten-year revision. Where clear cutting preponderates, the normal annual cutis taken roughly as the total area divided by the rotation. Theproper rotation age is determined by applying the index percent (Weiserprozent) to the individual stand.* Tables of valueincrement have been prepared for the whole kingdom of Saxony,based on the prices secured in the open market for the variousclasses of timber. Sa
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectforestsandforestry
