. Annual report of the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca, Cornell University. Agricultural Experiment Station; Agriculture -- New York (State). 330 Bulletin 256. from the upper side, care being taken to see that the second cut is made flush with the bark of the trunk (Fig, 249). The heaUng process is greatly impeded by any ragged edges left by splitting or careless sawing. An equally important factor is that the pruner should leave no part of a cut or dead branch on the trunk. Old wood cells possess no life, and hence, when a branch is severed, if it be of any siz
. Annual report of the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca, Cornell University. Agricultural Experiment Station; Agriculture -- New York (State). 330 Bulletin 256. from the upper side, care being taken to see that the second cut is made flush with the bark of the trunk (Fig, 249). The heaUng process is greatly impeded by any ragged edges left by splitting or careless sawing. An equally important factor is that the pruner should leave no part of a cut or dead branch on the trunk. Old wood cells possess no life, and hence, when a branch is severed, if it be of any size, the exposed wood of the inner area can never heal through any growth of itself. It must depend for its ultimate protection on the cambium, which, supplied with food from the roots and leaves, grows and expands at the point where the cut is made, and the new tissue rolls out over the wounded surface and in time entirely protects it. To get the best results, this wound- ed area must be in close proximity to the path of the food supply. Stubs soon dry out at the ends, the bark loosens (Fig. 248), rolls back and falls off, leav- ing the dead stub which finally rots back to the main trunk and forms the beginning of a cavity. This cavity, very small at first, collects water in larger quantities each succeeding season until finally the entire interior of the tree is rotted. All cuts should leave the wounded surface flush with the plane of the bark on the parent branch (Fig. 249). No ragged edges should be left on the wood, and no part of the stub should pro- ject beyond the surrounding cambium. The cut surface should never be made with an axe or a hatchet. Cuts can best be made with the. Fig. 251.—A noble speci- men of white oak fast out- growing its period of use fulness. Such trees might easily be preserved by the simplest methods of aid of a sharp saw, and a chisel with which to careful tree surgery smooth the surface, special precautions being taken to avoid any irregularity
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