. Bird populations in logged and unlogged western larch/douglas-fir forest in northwestern Montana. Bird populations Montana; Logging Montana; Birds Effect of logging on Montana. TREATMENTS The THSA was initially harvested from 1942 to 1944, leaving three to five seed trees over 12 inches (31 cm) per acre ( ha) (Fredeking 1953). The seed trees and trees that were unmerchantable in the 1940's were removed in the winter of 1988-89 within partial-cut units, and more extensive over- story removal occurred in the clearcut units. Based on guidelines for the management of cavity-nesting bir
. Bird populations in logged and unlogged western larch/douglas-fir forest in northwestern Montana. Bird populations Montana; Logging Montana; Birds Effect of logging on Montana. TREATMENTS The THSA was initially harvested from 1942 to 1944, leaving three to five seed trees over 12 inches (31 cm) per acre ( ha) (Fredeking 1953). The seed trees and trees that were unmerchantable in the 1940's were removed in the winter of 1988-89 within partial-cut units, and more extensive over- story removal occurred in the clearcut units. Based on guidelines for the management of cavity-nesting birds by McClelland and Frissell (1975), snags of all species of trees, along with living paper birch, quak- ing aspen, and black cottonwood, were retained in the cutting units during the recent harvest (figs. 3 and 4). The THSA was 650 acres (263 ha) and included clearcut and partially cut units along with unlogged forest (fig. 1). There were five clearcuts ranging from 14 to 35 acres (6 to 14 ha). The largest partial- cut unit was 70 acres (28 ha), and eight others ranged between 5 and 40 acres (2 and 16 ha). Experimental controls were provided by the unlogged forest of 330 acres (134 ha) within the THSA and the adjacent 837-acre (339-ha) CRNA. Slash piling and scarification of the units was accomplished with a bulldozer in 1989. Most of the slash piles were burned during the autumn of 1989, and sites with slopes greater than 20 percent were broadcast burned in September Figure 3—Evidence of woodpecker foraging surrounds a wildlife tree marker on a western larch snag. The snag was retained for wildlife use within a clearcut on the Terrace Hill sale Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Tobalske, Bret W; Shearer, Raymond C; Hutto, Richard L. (Richard Lee), 1948-; Intermountain Researc
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookcollectionameri, bookcollectionbiodiversity
