. Cyclopedia of farm crops : a popular survey of crops and crop-making methods in the United States and Canada. Agriculture -- Canada; Agriculture -- United States; Farm produce -- Canada; Farm produce -- United States. 350 FRUIT-GROWING FRUIT-GRO\YING lower color; this is indication of the effect of tillajre in maintaininj]: vegetative activity by keep- ing up the supply of food and moisture. The fruit- grower should learn to regulate his tillage as carefully as he does the application of manure, in order to secure the maximum of benefit and the minimum of disadvantage. The perfecting of many
. Cyclopedia of farm crops : a popular survey of crops and crop-making methods in the United States and Canada. Agriculture -- Canada; Agriculture -- United States; Farm produce -- Canada; Farm produce -- United States. 350 FRUIT-GROWING FRUIT-GRO\YING lower color; this is indication of the effect of tillajre in maintaininj]: vegetative activity by keep- ing up the supply of food and moisture. The fruit- grower should learn to regulate his tillage as carefully as he does the application of manure, in order to secure the maximum of benefit and the minimum of disadvantage. The perfecting of many wide-sweep surface- working tools has made the tilling of orchards comparatively simple and easy. The purpose of â >iipr '^^S^^^mmmi. Fig. 499. A modern commercial peach orchard. Georgia. tools is to maintain the surface mulch. When an orchard is well established, it is usually not necessary to plow deep, at least not if the original preparation has been good. Spring-plowing in bearing orchards may be necessary in order to break the soil and to make surface tillage possible, or to turn under a cover-crop; but if the soil is naturally loose and there is no herbage to be cov- ered, it may be unnecessary to invert the soil; the surface-working tools may be set at work before the land becomes hard. Usually a spading-harrow or cutaway of some kind will first be needed, or, if the soil is crusted and weeds have got a start, a shallow-working gang-plow may be used ; thereafter, spring-tooth and spike-tooth harrows, smoothing-harrows and weeders may be employed. Fall-plowing is .sometimes advisable, particularly on hard , that the weathering may aid in the breaking down of the soil; in such case, the fur- row-slice should better not be turned flat (at least not unless there is much herbage or manure on the land), but left more or less broken or on edge. The surface-working tools may be applied to this open land early in the spring before it hardens. In the old days, o
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