. Europe and other continents . nd to advance inother ways. Fig. 82. A caunibal girl from the tropical forest ofPeru. THE PEOPLE 109 By the aid of irrigation the Incas tilled the soil, cultivatingthe potato, corn, and Peruvian cotton, all of which they hadimproved fromwild domesti-cated the llamaand alpaca (, 79, 81, and105) for theirwool (Fig. 83)and for use asbeasts of burdenand work animalson the had well-organized armies,built roads (), and had arude postal andexpress systemby swift the In-cas had not in-vented writing,they kept recordsby
. Europe and other continents . nd to advance inother ways. Fig. 82. A caunibal girl from the tropical forest ofPeru. THE PEOPLE 109 By the aid of irrigation the Incas tilled the soil, cultivatingthe potato, corn, and Peruvian cotton, all of which they hadimproved fromwild domesti-cated the llamaand alpaca (, 79, 81, and105) for theirwool (Fig. 83)and for use asbeasts of burdenand work animalson the had well-organized armies,built roads (), and had arude postal andexpress systemby swift the In-cas had not in-vented writing,they kept recordsby means ofknotted e m p i r e,which extendedfor more than two thousand miles along the Andes, and fromthe Pacific to the trackless forests of the Amazon, was governedby a powerful chief whose capital was Cuzco in Peru. Alltogether the stage of advancement reached by these red menwas wonderful (see also p. 137). The Spanish, encouraged by the discovery of rich de-posits of gold and silver, seized almost all of South. Fig. of the cloth and other articles made by the Incas. 110 SOUTH AMEBIC A America excepting Brazil, which was settled by the Por-tuguese. They treated the aborigines with great cruelty,especially the Incas, whom they robbed of their treasuresand reduced to slavery. As in North America, the Span-iards intermarried freely with the Indians, so that thepresent inhabitants of South America are to a large extentof mixed blood. The introduction of negro slaves hasled to a still greater mixture of peoples. Therefore, while
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